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Clinical Pathology > 4: Haematology 2 (Anaemia) > Flashcards

4: Haematology 2 (Anaemia) Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

What is RDW a measure of?

A

Red cell distribution width - measure of anisocytosis

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2
Q

What kind of heart murmur does anaemia give?

A

Systolic

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3
Q

How long does the regenerative response take?

A

3-5 days

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4
Q

What do you see on a blood smear during the regenerative response?

A

Increased reticulocytes or polychromasia

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5
Q

In which species do you not see polychromasia during the regenerative response?

A

Horses

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6
Q

How can you quantify the regenerative response?

A

Reticulocyte or polychromatophil count

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7
Q

Which reticulocyte count should you use?

A

Absolute, not %

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8
Q

Do you get a larger regenerative response if larger anaemia?

A

Yes

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9
Q

If which species does anisocytosis especially show a regenerative response?

A

Horse

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10
Q

What kind of stippling shows a regenerative response?

A

Basophilic

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11
Q

Which other cell features can indicate anaemia?

A

Macrocytosis, Howell-Joll bodies, target cells

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12
Q

Which are the usual nRBCs indicating a regenerative response?

A

Metarubricytes

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13
Q

What are three conditions, other than a regenerative response, that can cause macrocytosis?

A

Dyserythropoiesis, erythroleukaemia, FeLV

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14
Q

What are three conditions that can cause microcytosis?

A

Iron deficiency, PSS, severe liver dysfunction

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15
Q

In which species is rubricytosis sometimes normal?

A

Dogs and cats

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16
Q

In what situation is rubricytosis appropriate?

A

If with polychromasia

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17
Q

In what situations is rubricytosis inappropriate?

A

Lead poisoning, erythroleukaemia, marrow damage (heat stroke), splenic contraction

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18
Q

Why don’t horses have polychromasia or reticulocytosis?

A

Only mature erythrocytes are released into the circulation

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19
Q

In which species are Howell-Jolly bodies normal?

A

Cats, and sometimes dogs and horses

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20
Q

After which procedure are Howell-Jolly bodies seen?

A

Splenectomy

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21
Q

In what conditions are target cells seen?

A

Due to low Hb seen in regenerative anaemia, iron deficiency, liver dysfunction

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22
Q

Where is the Hb in a codocyte?

A

Ring at periphery

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23
Q

Which species especially have basophilic stippling due to ribosomes?

A

Ruminants

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24
Q

Which condition can cause basophilic stippling?

Study These Flashcards
A

Lead poisoning, regenerative anaemia

25
How sensitive is increased MCV and decreased MCHC in supporting regeneration?
Only 20% sensitive and 90% specific
26
What is the only marker of regeneration in horses?
Serial PCV increase
27
In which breeds can decreased MCV be normal?
Akita, Shiba Inu
28
In which conditions can MCV be decreased?
Iron deficiency anaemia, PSS, liver dysfunction
29
In which species can increased MCV be inherited?
Poodles
30
In which conditions can MCV be increased?
FeLV, hyperNa, B12 deficiency
31
How can MCV be artefactually increased?
Cell swelling in transit
32
What usually causes high MCHC?
Artefact - due to lipaemia or haemolysis causing falsely increased MCH
33
How can MCV be falsely elevated?
In vitro cell swelling
34
When can MCHC be decreased?
Iron deficiency
35
How long after haemorrhage do PCV and PP both decrease due to fluid from the interstitium?
4 hours
36
How long after internal haemorrhage are 65% of erythrocytes resorbed into the circulation?
2-3 days
37
How long after internal haemorrhage are 80% of erythrocytes resorbed into the circulation?
2 weeks
38
How long after internal haemorrhage are globulins resorbed?
Rapidly, and globulin production increases quickly
39
What condition is internal haemorrhage associated with?
Leucocytosis and thrombocytopaenia
40
How long after external haemorrhage does PP normalise?
5-7 days
41
How long after haemorrhage does PCV normalise?
2-3 weeks
42
What blood smear change may also be seen following external haemorrhage?
Mild-moderate thrombocytopaenia
43
What kind of anaemia do you eventually get after chronic haemorrhage?
Poorly regenerative, iron deficiency anaemia with hypochromic, microcytic cells
44
Why must you feed white meat only before a faecal occult blood test?
Myoglobin
45
What happens to PCV and PP initially during chronic haemorrhage?
Change little
46
Why do you eventually get non-regenerative anaemia following chronic haemorrhage?
Will eventually get iron deficiency
47
What is PP like in haemolytic anaemia?
Normal or increased
48
Why are haemolytic anaemias more regenerative than haemorrhage?
Iron is not lost, BUT does sometimes involve progenitor loss
49
What are the two possible pathological mechanisms of haemolytic anaemia?
Extravascular or intravascular
50
What degree of anaemia does extravascular haemolysis give?
Mild-severe
51
What degree of anaemia does intravascular haemolysis give?
Severe
52
What is prognosis for intravascular haemolysis?
Poor
53
How long is the onset for extravascular haemolysis?
Insidious
54
How long is the onset for intravascular haemolysis?
Rapid
55
How does extravascular haemolysis give splenomegaly?
Erythrocytes phagocytosed by macrophages in spleen/liver
56
What is happening in intravascular haemolysis?
Erythrocytes lysed within vessels due to membrane damage.
57
What happens to the Hb in extravascular haemolysis?
Become bilirubin so get jaundice, bilirubinuria, bilirubinaemia
58
What happens to the Hb in intravascular haemolysis?
Also get jaundice etc, but also haemoglobinaemia/uria

Clinical Pathology (30 decks)

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