4 - Neoplasia

Question 1

Metastasis

Answer 1

Dissemination of neoplastic cells to discontinuous secondary sites where they proliferate to form a macroscopic mass

Question 2

Metastasis has decreased

Answer 2

E - cadherin

Question 3

Metastasis steps

Answer 3

Cancer cells leaves the site of primary tumor, pass through to tumor basement membrane then through or between endothelial cells, enter the circulation , resist annoikis, evade immune recognition, arrest at distant organs , leave circulation, survive in a hostile microenvirommetn

Question 4

What is inefficient

Answer 4

Metastasis

Question 5

What % of cancer cells survive at distant sites

Answer 5

1

Question 6

Premetastatic niche

Answer 6

Modulation of the secondary micro environment before the cancer cell arrive

Question 7

The commone feature of cancer is

Answer 7

Uncontrolled cellular proliferation

Question 8

Tumors arise from

Answer 8

Accumulation of mutations

Question 9

Neoplasms evade

Answer 9

Normal constrains of proliferation

Question 10

Mutations can be

Answer 10

Inherited or environmental

Question 11

Most mutations are silent and

Answer 11

Do not affect cell function

Question 12

What are examples of preneoplasia

Answer 12

Hypertrophy , hyperplasia, metaplasia and dysplasia

Question 13

You can go from preneoplastic back to normal cells, but not

Answer 13

Neoplastic back to preneoplasti/normals

Question 14

Multi - stage carcinogensis results from

Answer 14

Accumulation of mutations in a stepwise fashion overtime

Question 15

What is the key to carcinogenesisi

Answer 15

Non lethal genetic damage

Question 16

Tumor is formed by what type of expansion

Answer 16

Clonal expansion

Question 17

What are the steps of mutations

Answer 17

Initiation, promotion, ad progression

Question 18

Initiation

Answer 18

Mutation of a single gene, irreversible

Question 19

ProMotion

Answer 19

Proliferation of the initiated cell in response to stimuli

Question 20

Promotion can result in

Answer 20

Formation of a benign tumor

Question 21

Is promotion reversible

Answer 21

Yes

Question 22

Progression is

Answer 22

Benign to malignant

Question 23

An accumulation of mutations lead to

Answer 23

Uncontrolled cell growth

Question 24

What are some intrinsic factors which allow mutations to arise

Answer 24

Inherited, hormonal, reactive oxygen intermediates

Question 25

Hormonal intrinsic factors causing mutations, what is an example of this

Answer 25

Mammary tumors and perianal tumors

Question 26

What is an example of intrisinic ROS

Answer 26

Aging and inflammation

Question 27

Inflammation causing mutations can produce tumors such as

Answer 27

SCC in dogs, feline injection site sarcomas, FPTOS

Question 28

FPTOS what is the time period between trauma and diagnosis

Answer 28

7 year

Question 29

What viruses cause lymphoma

Answer 29

Bovine leukosis, avian leukosis, and feline leukemia

Question 30

Insertional mutagenesis reliever

Answer 30

Oncogenes or disrupt cellular oncogenes

Question 31

Bovine papillomaviruses can cause e

Answer 31

Equine sarcoidosis

Question 32

Complete carcinogen

Answer 32

Can push through all three stages on their own

Question 33

What is an examples of complete carcinogen

Answer 33

Ultraviolet radiation

Question 34

4 examples of genes that mutations that can be critical for neoplasms to arise

Answer 34

Proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genders, DNA repairs genes, genders that regulate apoptosis

Question 35

Protoconcogenes

Answer 35

Excess of stimulation of the cell cycle

Question 36

Tumor suppressor genes

Answer 36

Deficiency of cell cycle inhibition

Question 37

DNA repair genes

Answer 37

Failure to recognize and repair damaged DNA

Question 38

Genes that regulate apoptosis

Answer 38

Failure to induce apoptosis on injured cells

Question 39

G1/S cell cycle

Answer 39

Monitors DNA integrity, irreversibility commits cell resources to DNA replication

Question 40

What happens after G1/S checkpoint

Answer 40

Cell replication occurs independently to Extracellular growth signals

Question 41

G2/ M checkpoint

Answer 41

Pre-mitosis check point that ensures DNA replication is accurate before the cell divides

Question 42

Which cell cycle checkpoint checks for DNA synthesis errors

Answer 42

G2/M

Question 43

Which cell cycle checkpoints make sure DNA is safe to duplicate

Answer 43

G1/S

Question 44

Protooncogenes are genes taht promote

Answer 44

Autonomous cell growth

Question 45

What can cause Genoese that promote cell growth to mutate

Answer 45

Growth factors are overproduced, growth factor receptors, cycling are over-produced and allow progression through the cell cycle

Question 46

When mutated, protoncogenes turn to

Answer 46

Oncogenes

Question 47

Tumor suppressor genes aer genes that stop

Answer 47

The cell cycle

Question 48

What are samples of tumor supressor genes

Answer 48

P53

Question 49

DNA repair genes allow accumulation of

Answer 49

More and more mutations