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From Flashcardlet > anatomy chapter 1 > Flashcards

anatomy chapter 1 Flashcards

0
Q

Early healers relied heavily on what?

A

Superstitions and magic

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1
Q

How long ago did the modern man first begin to study the anatomy/physiology of the body?

A

2500 years ago

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2
Q

What did the healers begin to notice as they helped people heal?

A

how wounds healed and how people die

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3
Q

the healers began using what to heal people?

A

herbs and potions

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4
Q

Most terminology for describing parts of the body are used from two languages that are still used today. What are those languages?

A

Latin and Greek

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5
Q

the branch of science that deals with the structure (morphology) of body parts

A

Anatomy

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6
Q

how parts of the body function

A

Physiology

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7
Q

the terms of anatomy and physiology are sometimes difficult to separate because why?

A

The structure/function of the body are so closely related

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8
Q

Anatomists were limited in their study of the human body until the invention of what? And how long ago?

A

Microscopes and 400 years ago

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9
Q

what are the classifications of the human body in order?

A

atoms, molecules, macromolecules, organelles, cells, tissue, organs, organ systems, and organisms

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10
Q

organelles are composed of macromolecules such as what?

A

Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and other nucleic acids

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of life?

A

We start out as small individuals and grow, eventually becoming able to reproduce, we consume digest and excrete food, we respire, and can repair damaged parts

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12
Q

what are the requirements of organisms?

A

water, food, heat, oxygen and pressure

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13
Q

the most abundant chemical in the body

A

Water

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14
Q

nutrients for growth

A

Food

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15
Q

Gas that makes up one-fifth of the air

A

Oxygen

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16
Q

Energy that is the product of metabolism

A

Heat

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17
Q

An application of force to something; atmospheric and hydrostatic (need both to live)

A

Pressure

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18
Q

Condition of a stable internal environment regardless of the external government

A

Homeostasis

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19
Q

Provide specific conditions (stimuli) in the internal environment

A

Receptors

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20
Q

Tells what a specific value should be, 98.6 degrees F

A

A set point

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21
Q

The responses that alter conditions in the internal environment

A

Effectors

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22
Q

The human body can be divided into two portions. What are those two portions?

A

Axial portion and appendicular portion

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23
Q

what does the axial portion include?

A

Head, neck, and trunk

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24
Q

what does the appendicular portion include?

A

Upper and lower limbs

25
Q

within the axial portion are what?

A

cranial cavity, vertebral canal, the thoracic cavity, and the abdominopelvic cavity

26
Q

what is the cranial cavity?

A

The brain

27
Q

What is the vertebral canal?

A

The spinal cord

28
Q

the organs within the thoracic/abdominopelvic cavity

A

viscera

29
Q

what separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

the diaphragm

30
Q

what separates the thoracic cavity into compartments(right/left lung)

A

mediastinum

31
Q

What does the viscera within the mediastinum include?

A

Heart, esophagus, trachea and thymus

32
Q

What does the viscera within the abdominopelvic cavity include?

A

Stomach, liver, spleen, gall bladder, kidneys, and most of the the large/small intestines

33
Q

What is the portion of the abdominopelvic cavity enclosed by the hipbones?

A

The pelvic cavity

34
Q

what does the pelvic cavity include?

A

The rest of the intestines, urinary bladder, and the reproductive organs

35
Q

What is enclosed in the pericardial cavity within the mediastinum?

A

the heart

36
Q

Lengthwise plane, divides the body into right/left portions

A

Sagittal

37
Q

Horizontal plane, divides the body into superior/inferior portions

A

Transverse

38
Q

Frontal, divides the body into anterior/posterior portions

A

Coronal

39
Q

Refers to a body part being above another

A

Superior

40
Q

Refers to a body part being below another

A

Inferior

41
Q

Ventral; refers to the front or forward part of the body

A

Anterior

42
Q

Dorsal; refers to the back of the body

A

Posterior

43
Q

Refers to an imaginary midline dividing the body into equal right/left halves

A

Medial

44
Q

Means toward the side with respect to the imaginary midline

A

Lateral

the ears are lateral to the eyes

45
Q

Describes a body part that is closer to the point of attachment to the trunk than another body part
the elbow is proximal to the wrist

A

Proximal

the elbow is proximal to the wrist

46
Q

The opposite of proximal

A

distal

the fingers are distal to the wrist

47
Q

Means situated near the surface

A

Superficial

48
Q

Describes parts that are more internal than superficial parts

A

Deep

49
Q

What is one organ if the thoracic cavity?

A

The lungs

50
Q

What is the largest organ within the mediastinum?

A

The heart

51
Q

What is one “tube” that runs through mediastinum?

A

Esophagus

52
Q

What is one organ of pelvic cavity?

A

The bladder

53
Q

What are three organs of the abdominal cavity?

A

Stomach, kidneys, and liver

54
Q

What cavity is the brain found in?

A

Cranial

55
Q

What cavity contains the entire central nervous system?

A

Cranial/dorsal

56
Q

What cavity only contains the heart?

A

pericardial

57
Q

What plane separates the head so that the nose, eyes and mouth are separated from the brain/spinal cord?

A

Coronal

58
Q

What plane separates the right/left lung?

A

Sagittal

59
Q

What plane separates the thigh from the lower leg?

A

Transverse

From Flashcardlet (51 decks)

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