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From Flashcardlet > anatomy chapter (3) 9/24/15 > Flashcards

anatomy chapter (3) 9/24/15 Flashcards

0
Q

Encloses the cell

A

Cell membrane

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1
Q

What are three basic cell parts

A

Cell membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm

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2
Q

Houses the genetic material and controls cellular functions

A

Nucleus

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3
Q

Fills out the cell

A

Cytoplasm

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4
Q

The cell membrane which allows certain substances to pass through it and excludes other substances

A

Selectively permeable

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5
Q

The selectively permeable membrane is composed of a double layer of what

A

Phospholipid molecules

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6
Q

What are embedded in the bilayers that span the cell membranes

A

Protein molecules

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7
Q

Gel-like material in which organelles are suspended

A

Cytoplasm

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8
Q

Cytoplasm makes up most of the cells what

A

Volume

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9
Q

The cytoplasm includes what two things that form the cytoskeleton

A

Protein rods and tubules

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10
Q

Protein rods and tubules in the cytoplasm form what, the framework of the cell

A

Cytoskeleton

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11
Q

The organelle that transport materials from one part of the cytoplasm to another

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

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12
Q

Responsible for making protein, protein synthesis.

A

Ribosomes

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13
Q

All ribosomes are composed what two molecules

A

Protein and RNA

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14
Q

Involved in the packaging of proteins for secretion outside the cell

A

Golgi apparatus

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15
Q

Process that moves particles out of the cell

A

Exocytosis

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16
Q

Known as the garbage disposals of the cell

A

Lysosomes

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17
Q

Enzymes of the lysosomes digest what two things

A

Bacteria

Damaged cell parts

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18
Q

Peroxisomes are what

A

Catalyst

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19
Q

Rods of protein that form the cytoskeleton and provide for cell movement

A

Microfilaments

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20
Q

What is the first picture of the chapter

A

Embryonic cell

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21
Q

Used in locomotion

A

Cilia and flagella

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22
Q

Located on the surface of epithelial cells

A

Cilia

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23
Q

Cilia are hairlike projections and move in what motion

A

Wavelike motion

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24
Q

Singular projections that act as a tail

A

Flagella

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25
Q

Membranous sacs formed by part of the cell membrane folding inward and pinching off

A

Vesicles

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26
Q

Nucleus houses DNA which directs what

A

All cell activity

27
Q

The nucleus contains a fluid called

A

Nucleoplasm

28
Q

What two structures are suspended in the nucleoplasm

A

Nucleolus

Chromatin

29
Q

Composed largely of RNA and protein

A

Nucleolus

30
Q

Nucleolus is where what are formed

A

Ribosomes

31
Q

Consists loosely coiled fibers DNA and protein condensed to form chromosomes

A

Chromatin

32
Q

Chromatin form what

A

Chromosomes

33
Q

The nucleus is enclosed in what

A

Nuclear envelope

34
Q

Diffusion
Concentration gradient
Equilibrium
Active and Passive mechanism are apart of what

A

Passive mechanisms

35
Q

The movement of materials from an area of HIGHER concentration to an area of LOWER concentration

A

Diffusion

36
Q

The difference in concentration is

A

Concentration gradient

37
Q

If molecules have concentration gradient it will NOT have what

A

Equilibrium

38
Q

When molecules become uniformly distributed what occurs

A

Equilibrium

39
Q

When energy IS required for movement it is called

A

Active mechanism

40
Q

When NO energy is required it is called

A

Passive mechanism

41
Q

Membrane proteins that help substances that are not able to pass through the the lipid bilayers

A

Facilitated diffusion

42
Q

Non soluble materials are moved my what

A

Carrier molecule

43
Q

Special case of diffusion where water moves across a semipermeable membrane from areas of HIGHER concentration to areas of LOWER concentration

A

Osmosis (<-water)

44
Q

Any fluid that has the same osmotic pressure as body fluid

A

Isotonic

45
Q

Isotonic is also what

A

Equilibrium

46
Q

The _____ pressure of fluids inside and outside the cell is the same

A

Osmotic

47
Q

Solutions with a higher osmotic concentration than fluids are called what

A

Hypertonic

48
Q

Hypertonic causes the water to move out of the cell causing them to what

A

Shrink

49
Q

Cells in a solution where they have a LOWER osmotic pressure and water will move into cells

A

Hypotonic

50
Q

Hypotonic solutions cause the cells to what

A

Swell

51
Q

Another process that will force molecules through membranes

A

Filtration

52
Q

What pressure does filtration require

A

Hydrostatic pressure

53
Q

Filtration is commonly used to separate what from what

A

Solids from liquids

54
Q

What is a good example of filtration by making coffee

A

The drip method

55
Q

The process that uses energy to move particles from area of LOWER concentration to an area of HIGHER concentration

A

Active transport

56
Q

Molecules used in active transport

A

Carrier molecules

57
Q

Moves too large of particles into the cell using a vessel made of protein

A

Endocytosis

58
Q

The reverse process of endocytosis

A

Exocytosis

59
Q

When cells take in large LIQUID molecules is called (cell drinking)

A

Pinocytosis

60
Q

When cells take in large SOLID molecules is called (cell eating)

A

Phagocytosis

61
Q

Lysosomes attach to a cell and release ______ and ______ after a particle has been phagocytosis

A

Digestive enzymes and decompose it

62
Q

Division of the nucleus

A

Mitosis

63
Q

The period before cell division where it grows and duplicates much of its contents

A

Interphase

64
Q

Division of the cytoplasm (cell)

A

Cytokinesis

65
Q

List the order of the cell cycle

A 
Interphase 
Prophase 
Metaphase 
Anaphase 
Telophase 
Differentiation

From Flashcardlet (51 decks)

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