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Ogy > 4.1 Darwin, Evolution, and Natural Selection U4 > Flashcards

4.1 Darwin, Evolution, and Natural Selection U4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is evolution?

A

Change over time

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2
Q

When was Darwin on the BEAGLE and for how long?

A

1831 on the BEAGLE for 5yrs

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3
Q

What did Darwin do on the BEAGLE?

A

As a naturalist, he made observations of organisms in South America and the Galapagos Islands

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4
Q

What were the two observations that Darwin made on his trip on the BEAGLE?

A

Species in different parts of the world were sometimes similar as if they had similar habits
Species that lived near one another often adapted for different tasks

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5
Q

How did Jean-Baptiste Lamarck influence Darwin?

A

Jean proposed the Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics
This was a hypothesis where an existing organism undergoes change during its lifetime based on use or disuse of body parts, and those changes could be passed onto offspring
Later Debunked

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6
Q

How did Thomas Malthus influence Darwin?

A

Economist who argued that human population growth would lead to food scarcity and overcrowding
“Struggle for existence”
Like Natural Selection

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7
Q

How did Alfred Russel Wallace influence Darwin?

A

Also sailed around collecting specimens and observing
Came to a very similar conclusion about how species evolved, immediately wrote to Darwin about it
Darwin had already been working on the idea for about 20 years, but had been hesitant to publish them.
They met, discussed and Darwin published The Origin Of Species

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8
Q

What is Natural Selection?

A

Organisms best suited to their environment will survive, producing changes in populations NOT INDIVS

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9
Q

What is adaptation?

A

heritable characteristic that increase an organism’s fitness

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10
Q

What is an organisms fitness?

A

An organism’s ability to survive and reproduce in its environment

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11
Q

What is sexual selection?

A

Form of selection in which individuals with certain inherited characteristics are more likely than others to obtain mate

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12
Q

What is Intersexual?

A

Choosing of opposite sex

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13
Q

What is Intrasexual?

A

Competition amongst the same sex

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14
Q

What does sexual selection often result in?

A

Sexual dimorphism

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15
Q

What is sexual dimorphism?

A

Difference in appearance between sexes

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16
Q

What did Darwin propose (Descent with Modification)?

A

That all living and extinct species are descended from ancient common ancestors, modified over time

17
Q

What are the four types of evidences for evolution?

A

Biogeographical
Anatomical
Fossil
Molecular

18
Q

Explain the biogeographical evidence for evolution?

A

The environment influences adaptations
Convergent and Divergent Evolution

19
Q

What is Convergent Evolution?

A

Evolution of two organisms adapted to similar environments produces similar adaptations even though they are only distantly related (share no recent common ancestor)

20
Q

What is Divergent Evolution?

A

Evolution of two organisms that are closely related (share a recent common ancestor) but have adapted to different environments

21
Q

Examples of Convergent Evolution?

A

Shad
Dolphin
Ichthyosaur
Puffin
All of these animals have a streamlined body shape adapted for underwater life despite all being different species

22
Q

Examples of Divergent Evolution

A

Wolf dog and fox
ancestral canine-like species, yet different based on environment

23
Q

What is adaptive radiation?

A

A single ancestral species diverges into several different forms adapted to slightly different environments

24
Q

What is the fossil evidence?

A

Fossils link recent species to their ancestral species

25
Q

What is the anatomical evidence(vestigial structures)?

A

inherited from common ancestor but reduced in size and function due to changes in selective pressures

26
Q

What is homologous?

A

Similar in form but not necessarily in function

27
Q

What is analogous?

A

Similar in function but not inherited from common ancestor

28
Q

What evolution causes homologous?

A

Divergent Evolution

29
Q

What evolution causes analogous?

A

Convergent Evolution

30
Q

What is the Molecular Evidence?

A

Same genetic code - DNA/RNA/Protein/Central Dogma
Similar proteins across species
The more closely related the species, the more similar their proteins tend to be

Ogy (20 decks)

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