5.4(extra) Plant transport, communication, and reproduction U5

Question 1

What is osmosis?

Answer 1

the movement of water or other solvent through a plasma membrane from a region of low solute concentration to a region of high solute concentration

Question 2

What type of transport is osmosis?

Answer 2

passive transport

Question 3

How much energy is required for osmosis?

Answer 3

None

Question 4

What are the three ypes of solutions?

Answer 4

Hypertonic, Hypotonic, Isotonic

Question 5

What is a hypertonic solution?

Answer 5

When comparing solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solute
If a cell is in a hypertonic solution, water will diffuse out of the cell

Question 6

What is a hypotonic solution?

Answer 6

When comparing solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solute
If a cell is in a hypotonic solution, water will diffuse into the cell

Question 7

What is an isotonic solution?

Answer 7

the concentration of solutes is the same
If a cell is in an isotonic solution, there will be no net movement of water; water will move in and out at an equal rate

Question 8

What are the 3 rules of Osmosis?

Answer 8

Water will move towards solutes (things dissolved in water, usually sugar/salt)

Water will move towards the hypertonic solution

Water will move away from the hypotonic solution

Question 9

What needs to happen before transpiration can occur?

Answer 9

water must be moved out of the soil by the roots into the stem of the plant

Question 10

What is root pressure?

Answer 10

As nutrients are pushed through the plant by active transport, water follows through the process of osmosis. Root pressure is the starting point of movement of water through a plant.

Question 11

Does active transport require energy?

Answer 11

Yeah

Question 12

Does active transport move solutes against or with their concentration gradient?

Answer 12

Against

Question 13

Does active transport usually use membrane proteins?

Answer 13

yeh

Question 14

Where is the major force of water transport provided?

Answer 14

evaporation of water from leaves during transpiration

Question 15

What is capillary action?

Answer 15

The tendency of water to rise in a thin tube

Question 16

What does the interacting combination of transpiration and capillary action do?

Answer 16

transports water through the xylem tissues of a plant

Question 17

What does the pressure-flow hypothesis explain?

Answer 17

explains the movement of sugars and fluids through the phloem

explains that when sugars are pumped or removed from the phloem tissue, that change in concentration causes a movement of fluid in the same direction as the sugars

Question 18

What do plant hormones do?

Answer 18

serve as signals that control development of cells, tissues, and organs. They also coordinate responses to the environment

influence root growth, promote germination, inhibit cell division and even simulate fruits to ripen

Question 19

Who made the first step in the discovery of plant hormones?

Answer 19

Charles Darwin and his son Francis in 1880

Question 20

What is an auxin?

Answer 20

Plant hormone that stimulates cell elongation and the growth of new roots

Question 21

What can high concentrations of auxin cause?

Answer 21

cells on the side of the shoot away from the light source to lengthen

Question 22

What is ethylene?

Answer 22

Plant hormone that is a gas that is released by fruit tissues to simulate fruits to ripen

Question 23

What are tropisms?

Answer 23

growth responses by plants to environmental stimuli

Question 24

What is pollination?

Answer 24

The transfer of pollen from the male reproductive structure to the female reproductive structure

Question 25

What is the main reason angiosperms displaced gymnosperms as the dominant land plant over the past 130 million years?

Answer 25

The efficiency of insect pollination

Question 26

What is fertilization?

Answer 26

Process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell

Question 27

What is an angiosperm?

Answer 27

vascular seed plants in which the ovule (egg) is fertilized and develops into a seed in an enclosed hollow ovary.

Question 28

What is a gymnosperm?

Answer 28

seeds do not develop enclosed within an ovary but are usually borne exposed on the surfaces of reproductive structures, such as cones.

Question 29

How is the location of developing seeds different in angiosperms and gymnosperms?

Answer 29

Angiosperms develop the seeds in the ovaries of flowers and are surrounded by protective fruit, whereas Gymnosperms are usually found in unisexual cones, and the plant lacks fruits and flowers

Question 30

What evolutionary advantages do angiosperms have over gymnosperms?

Answer 30

better able to control their reproductive success

Question 31

How do people categorize angiosperms and why?

Answer 31

They use morphological characteristics because it is very diverse and hard to classify

Question 32

What are the main 2 classifications of angiosperms?

Answer 32

Monocots and dicots

Question 33

What is another way to classify plants? (HINT: Duration)

Answer 33

Lifespan

Question 34

How do we normally classify plants?

Answer 34

evolutionary relationships

Question 35

How can seeds of plants bee dispersed?

Answer 35

animals, wind, and water.

Question 36

What are the benefits of the seed dispersal method Animal?

Answer 36

lowers competition between the parent plant and its seeds, decreases overcrowding which prevents competition for resources, and reduces the amount of seeds lost due to predation.

Question 37

What are the benefits of the seed dispersal method Wind?

Answer 37

allows plants to spread out from a wide area and avoid competing with one another for the same resources.

Question 38

What are the benefits of the seed dispersal method Water?

Answer 38

helps reduce food, sunlight, water, and mineral competition between plants of the same species in the same zone.

Question 39

What are the disadvantages of the seed dispersal method Animal?

Answer 39

Limited dispersal

Question 40

What are the disadvantages of the seed dispersal method Wind?

Answer 40

unreliability of the wind

Question 41

What are the disadvantages of the seed dispersal method Water?

Answer 41

land plants can only have their seeds “go with the flow”, resulting in a very limited ability for dispersal over any great distance

Question 42

What are flowers?

Answer 42

reproductive organs of plants

Question 43

What are the four specialized leaves of flowers?

Answer 43

sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels

Question 44

What are sepals?

Answer 44

The outermost circle of floral parts, they are usually green and closely resemble ordinary leaves.

Question 45

What are petals?

Answer 45

Often brightly colored, help attract pollinators to the flower.

Question 46

What is stamen?

Answer 46

the male parts of the flower. Consists of the anther and filament.

Question 47

What is carpel/pistil?

Answer 47

the female parts of the flower. Consists of the style, stigma, and ovary. Produces and shelter the female gametophytes and, later, seeds.

Question 48

What is pollination?

Answer 48

Pollen which contains male gametes (pollen grain) are transferred (wind, bugs, etc) and trapped onto the stigma.

Question 49

What is fertilization?

Answer 49

A pollen tube then grows down the stigma and style of the carpel (also called pistil )l to an ovule (produces and stores egg cells) in the ovary. Fertilization occurs which allows for the formation of a seed. This can then lead to further development into fruit!

Question 50

What are the three types of trophisms?

Question 51

What is phototrophism?

Question 52

What is Thigmotrophism?