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Ogy > 6.1 Body Systems and Organization Of The Human Body U6 > Flashcards

6.1 Body Systems and Organization Of The Human Body U6 Flashcards

1
Q

What are cells?

A

basic unit of all living things responsible for essential life processes

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2
Q

What are organs?

A

structure made up of multiple types of tissues that work together to perform a specific function

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3
Q

What are tissues?

A

groups of cells that work together to carry out specialized functions in the body

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4
Q

What are organ systems?

A

group of organs and tissues that work together to perform a specific function

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5
Q

What are the 4 categories of tissues?

A

Epithelial
Connective
Nervous
Muscular

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6
Q

What is epithelial tissue?

A

Sheets of cells that covers exterior surfaces of the body, lines internal cavities & passageways, and forms certain glands.

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7
Q

What are examples of places where there is epithelial tissue?

A

Skin, mouth, airways, intestines, blood vessels and more!

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8
Q

What is the function of epithelial tissue?

A

Essential for protecting the body from physical damage and dehydration
Bodies first line of protection from physical, chemical, and biological damage

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9
Q

What are characteristics of epithelial tissue?

A

Avascular(lack of blood vessels)
Cells are tightly packed and arranged as sheets
Rich nerve supply
High repair and regeneration
Classified based on shape and layers of cells

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10
Q

What are the three shapes of epithelial tissue?

A

Squamous, Cuboidal, Columnar

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11
Q

What is squamous epithelial tissue?

A

Flat cells

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12
Q

What is Cuboidal epithelial tissue?

A

Cube/box like squares

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13
Q

What is columnar epithelial tissue?

A

Rectangular/tall slender cells

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14
Q

What are the two types of cell layers for epithelial tissue?

A

Simple, Stratified

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15
Q

What is simple cell layer epithelial tissue?

A

One layer of cells,
Primarily founds in areas of transport

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16
Q

What is stratified cell layers epithelial tissue?

A

Consists of two or more layers of cells
Primarily found in areas at risk of abrasion

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17
Q

What is the function of simple squamous epithelium?

A

thinness of cell type allows for rapid transport (gas, liquids)!

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18
Q

What is the location of simple squamous epithelium?

A

lungs, kidneys, capillaries

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19
Q

What is the function of simple Cuboidal epithelium?

A

active in the secretion and absorption of molecules

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20
Q

What is the location of simple Cuboidal epithelium?

A

kidneys, ovaries, ducts of glands

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21
Q

What is the function of simple columnar epithelium?

A

active in the secretion and absorption of molecules

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22
Q

What is the location of simple columnar epithelium?

A

digestive tract, ovaries

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23
Q

What is the function of stratified squamous epithelium?

A

Protection

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24
Q

What is the location of stratified squamous epithelium?

A

mouth, skin, lining of body cavities

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25
Q

What is the most common epithelial cell type in the human body?

A

Stratified epithelium

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26
Q

What is the most widely distributed tissue in the body?

A

Connective tissue

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27
Q

What does connective tissue do?

A

Binds cells & organs of the body together and provides support, protection, insulation, and transportation of substances in the body

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28
Q

What are the 4 types of connective tissue?

A

blood, bone, fat, and cartilage

29
Q

What are characteristics of connective tissue?

A

Composed of cells scattered in an extracellular matrix made up of 2 main elements

30
Q

What are the two main elements in the extracellular matrix?

A

Ground substance, fibers

31
Q

What is a ground substance?

A

composed of water, proteins, and polysaccharides that allow for the diffusion of nutrients

32
Q

What are the 3 types of fibers?

A

Collagen, Elastic, Reticular

33
Q

What is collagen fibers?

A

tensile strength

34
Q

What is elastic fibers?

A

stretch with recoil

35
Q

What is reticular fibers?

A

supportive

36
Q

What is blood connective tissue?

A

Liquid connective tissue made up of cells in a fluid matrix (plasma)

37
Q

What are examples of blood connective tissue?

A

RBCS, WBCs, platelets

38
Q

What is fibrous CT Connective tissue?

A

Primarily found in the muscles, bone, and skin

39
Q

What are the examples of fibrous CT Connective tissue?

A

Provides support and shock absorption

40
Q

What is adipose tissue Connective tissue?

A

Insulation, energy storage, protective cushion

41
Q

What is cartilage connective tissue?

A

Provides padding, flexibility, and shock absorption

42
Q

Where is cartilage connective tissue found?

A

Found in various areas of the body: nose, respiratory passages, ear, between vertebrae

43
Q

What is the nervous tissue responsible for?

A

Responsible for communication and coordination within the body

44
Q

Where is the nervous tissue found?

A

Found in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves

45
Q

How is info carried by nervous tissue?

A

Information is carried by neurons in the form of electrical impulses
Sensory neurons
Motor neurons

46
Q

What is sensory neurons?

A

relay information from sensory receptors throughout the body to the brain and SC. Within the CNS, sensory information is analyzed and decisions are made as to the appropriate response.

47
Q

What is motor neurons?

A

carry impulses from the CNS to affector muscles and glands to carry out the response

48
Q

What are muscle tissue characterized?

A

properties that allow movement
Muscle cells are excitable meaning they can respond to stimuli
Muscle cells are contractile meaning they can shorten and generate a force

49
Q

What are characteristics of muscle tissue?

A

Tissue is highly vascular
Consists of actin and myosin (contractile proteins) that cause muscle cells to get shorter in length
Movement can be voluntary or involuntary

50
Q

What are the three types of muscular tissue?

A

Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac

51
Q

What is the appearance of the skeletal muscle?

A

Striated (striped) and column shaped cells

52
Q

Is skeletal movement voluntary? Explain?

A

Voluntary movement
Attached to bone and its contraction provides voluntary movement of the entire body
Locomotion, facial expressions, posture, etc

53
Q

How many nuclei in skeletal muscle?

A

Multinucleated

54
Q

Does skeletal muscle contract and tire easily?

A

Contracts and tires easily

55
Q

What is the appearance of smooth muscle?

A

Spindle shaped (circular middle and tapered ends)

56
Q

Is smooth muscle movement voluntary? Explain?

A

Involuntary movement
Contraction is responsible for involuntary movements in the internal organs
Blood vessels, respiratory passages, intestines, bladder

57
Q

How many nuclei in smooth muscle?

A

Uninucleated

58
Q

Does smooth muscle lack striations?

A

Lacks striations

59
Q

What is the cardiac muscles appearance?

A

Branched and attached to other cardiac muscle cells at intercalated disks

60
Q

Is cardiac muscle movement voluntary? Explain?`

A

Involuntary control
Found only in the heart and its contraction allows blood to be pumped throughout the body

61
Q

How many nuclei does cardiac muscle have?

A

Uninucleated

62
Q

Is cardiac muscle striated?

A

Striated

63
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

The body’s maintenance of a stable internal environment that is impacted by age, external conditions, health, and more.

64
Q

How is homeostasis maintained?

A

To maintain homeostasis, the body relies on feedback mechanisms and organ systems to function smoothly together.

65
Q

What does homeostasis involve?

A

Temperature regulation
Metabolism regulation
Detecting and responding to environmental stimuli
Maintaining water and mineral balances

66
Q

What is Negative feedback loop?

A

Returns the body to homeostasis by counteracting changes from its original state!

67
Q

What are examples of negative feedback loop?

A

breathing rate, blood glucose levels, body temperature, heart rate

68
Q

What is Positive feedback loop?

A

Enhances a change in the normal state of the body, pushing it further from homeostasis

69
Q

What are examples of Positive feedback loop?

A

childbirth

Ogy (20 decks)

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