6.1 Body Systems and Organization Of The Human Body U6

Question 1

What are cells?

Answer 1

basic unit of all living things responsible for essential life processes

Question 2

What are organs?

Answer 2

structure made up of multiple types of tissues that work together to perform a specific function

Question 3

What are tissues?

Answer 3

groups of cells that work together to carry out specialized functions in the body

Question 4

What are organ systems?

Answer 4

group of organs and tissues that work together to perform a specific function

Question 5

What are the 4 categories of tissues?

Answer 5

Epithelial
Connective
Nervous
Muscular

Question 6

What is epithelial tissue?

Answer 6

Sheets of cells that covers exterior surfaces of the body, lines internal cavities & passageways, and forms certain glands.

Question 7

What are examples of places where there is epithelial tissue?

Answer 7

Skin, mouth, airways, intestines, blood vessels and more!

Question 8

What is the function of epithelial tissue?

Answer 8

Essential for protecting the body from physical damage and dehydration
Bodies first line of protection from physical, chemical, and biological damage

Question 9

What are characteristics of epithelial tissue?

Answer 9

Avascular(lack of blood vessels)
Cells are tightly packed and arranged as sheets
Rich nerve supply
High repair and regeneration
Classified based on shape and layers of cells

Question 10

What are the three shapes of epithelial tissue?

Answer 10

Squamous, Cuboidal, Columnar

Question 11

What is squamous epithelial tissue?

Answer 11

Flat cells

Question 12

What is Cuboidal epithelial tissue?

Answer 12

Cube/box like squares

Question 13

What is columnar epithelial tissue?

Answer 13

Rectangular/tall slender cells

Question 14

What are the two types of cell layers for epithelial tissue?

Answer 14

Simple, Stratified

Question 15

What is simple cell layer epithelial tissue?

Answer 15

One layer of cells,
Primarily founds in areas of transport

Question 16

What is stratified cell layers epithelial tissue?

Answer 16

Consists of two or more layers of cells
Primarily found in areas at risk of abrasion

Question 17

What is the function of simple squamous epithelium?

Answer 17

thinness of cell type allows for rapid transport (gas, liquids)!

Question 18

What is the location of simple squamous epithelium?

Answer 18

lungs, kidneys, capillaries

Question 19

What is the function of simple Cuboidal epithelium?

Answer 19

active in the secretion and absorption of molecules

Question 20

What is the location of simple Cuboidal epithelium?

Answer 20

kidneys, ovaries, ducts of glands

Question 21

What is the function of simple columnar epithelium?

Answer 21

active in the secretion and absorption of molecules

Question 22

What is the location of simple columnar epithelium?

Answer 22

digestive tract, ovaries

Question 23

What is the function of stratified squamous epithelium?

Answer 23

Protection

Question 24

What is the location of stratified squamous epithelium?

Answer 24

mouth, skin, lining of body cavities

Question 25

What is the most common epithelial cell type in the human body?

Answer 25

Stratified epithelium

Question 26

What is the most widely distributed tissue in the body?

Answer 26

Connective tissue

Question 27

What does connective tissue do?

Answer 27

Binds cells & organs of the body together and provides support, protection, insulation, and transportation of substances in the body

Question 28

What are the 4 types of connective tissue?

Answer 28

blood, bone, fat, and cartilage

Question 29

What are characteristics of connective tissue?

Answer 29

Composed of cells scattered in an extracellular matrix made up of 2 main elements

Question 30

What are the two main elements in the extracellular matrix?

Answer 30

Ground substance, fibers

Question 31

What is a ground substance?

Answer 31

composed of water, proteins, and polysaccharides that allow for the diffusion of nutrients

Question 32

What are the 3 types of fibers?

Answer 32

Collagen, Elastic, Reticular

Question 33

What is collagen fibers?

Answer 33

tensile strength

Question 34

What is elastic fibers?

Answer 34

stretch with recoil

Question 35

What is reticular fibers?

Answer 35

supportive

Question 36

What is blood connective tissue?

Answer 36

Liquid connective tissue made up of cells in a fluid matrix (plasma)

Question 37

What are examples of blood connective tissue?

Answer 37

RBCS, WBCs, platelets

Question 38

What is fibrous CT Connective tissue?

Answer 38

Primarily found in the muscles, bone, and skin

Question 39

What are the examples of fibrous CT Connective tissue?

Answer 39

Provides support and shock absorption

Question 40

What is adipose tissue Connective tissue?

Answer 40

Insulation, energy storage, protective cushion

Question 41

What is cartilage connective tissue?

Answer 41

Provides padding, flexibility, and shock absorption

Question 42

Where is cartilage connective tissue found?

Answer 42

Found in various areas of the body: nose, respiratory passages, ear, between vertebrae

Question 43

What is the nervous tissue responsible for?

Answer 43

Responsible for communication and coordination within the body

Question 44

Where is the nervous tissue found?

Answer 44

Found in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves

Question 45

How is info carried by nervous tissue?

Answer 45

Information is carried by neurons in the form of electrical impulses Sensory neurons Motor neurons

Question 46

What is sensory neurons?

Answer 46

relay information from sensory receptors throughout the body to the brain and SC. Within the CNS, sensory information is analyzed and decisions are made as to the appropriate response.

Question 47

What is motor neurons?

Answer 47

carry impulses from the CNS to affector muscles and glands to carry out the response

Question 48

What are muscle tissue characterized?

Answer 48

properties that allow movement Muscle cells are excitable meaning they can respond to stimuli Muscle cells are contractile meaning they can shorten and generate a force

Question 49

What are characteristics of muscle tissue?

Answer 49

Tissue is highly vascular Consists of actin and myosin (contractile proteins) that cause muscle cells to get shorter in length Movement can be voluntary or involuntary

Question 50

What are the three types of muscular tissue?

Answer 50

Skeletal Smooth Cardiac

Question 51

What is the appearance of the skeletal muscle?

Answer 51

Striated (striped) and column shaped cells

Question 52

Is skeletal movement voluntary? Explain?

Answer 52

Voluntary movement Attached to bone and its contraction provides voluntary movement of the entire body Locomotion, facial expressions, posture, etc

Question 53

How many nuclei in skeletal muscle?

Answer 53

Multinucleated

Question 54

Does skeletal muscle contract and tire easily?

Answer 54

Contracts and tires easily

Question 55

What is the appearance of smooth muscle?

Answer 55

Spindle shaped (circular middle and tapered ends)

Question 56

Is smooth muscle movement voluntary? Explain?

Answer 56

Involuntary movement Contraction is responsible for involuntary movements in the internal organs Blood vessels, respiratory passages, intestines, bladder

Question 57

How many nuclei in smooth muscle?

Answer 57

Uninucleated

Question 58

Does smooth muscle lack striations?

Answer 58

Lacks striations

Question 59

What is the cardiac muscles appearance?

Answer 59

Branched and attached to other cardiac muscle cells at intercalated disks

Question 60

Is cardiac muscle movement voluntary? Explain?`

Answer 60

Involuntary control Found only in the heart and its contraction allows blood to be pumped throughout the body

Question 61

How many nuclei does cardiac muscle have?

Answer 61

Uninucleated

Question 62

Is cardiac muscle striated?

Answer 62

Striated

Question 63

What is homeostasis?

Answer 63

The body’s maintenance of a stable internal environment that is impacted by age, external conditions, health, and more.

Question 64

How is homeostasis maintained?

Answer 64

To maintain homeostasis, the body relies on feedback mechanisms and organ systems to function smoothly together.

Question 65

What does homeostasis involve?

Answer 65

Temperature regulation Metabolism regulation Detecting and responding to environmental stimuli Maintaining water and mineral balances

Question 66

What is Negative feedback loop?

Answer 66

Returns the body to homeostasis by counteracting changes from its original state!

Question 67

What are examples of negative feedback loop?

Answer 67

breathing rate, blood glucose levels, body temperature, heart rate

Question 68

What is Positive feedback loop?

Answer 68

Enhances a change in the normal state of the body, pushing it further from homeostasis

Question 69

What are examples of Positive feedback loop?

Answer 69

childbirth