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Psych > Chapter 1 vocab > Flashcards

Chapter 1 vocab Flashcards

1
Q

View that emphasizes the growth potential of healthy people and individual’s potential for personal growth

A

Humanistic psychology

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2
Q

Interdisciplinary study of brain activity linked with thinking

A

Cognitive neuroscience

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3
Q

Science of behavior and mental process

A

Psychology

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4
Q

Our behaviors and traits are either in inborn or learned

A

Nature- nurture issue

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5
Q

Nature select traits that best enable an organism to survive and reproduce

A

Natural selection

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6
Q

Differing complementary views for analyzing any given phenomenon

A

Levels of analysis

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7
Q

The view that combines biology thinking and environment

A

Biopsychosocial approach

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8
Q

Pure science that aims to increase knowledge base

A

Basic research

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9
Q

Use of research to solve practical problems

A

Applied research

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10
Q

Assists people with problems in living

A

Counseling psychology

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11
Q

Assesses and treats mental and behavioral disorders

A

Clinical psychology

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12
Q

MD license to prescribe drugs entry disorders

A

Psychiatrist

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13
Q

Exploring traits to discover and promote strengths and virtues that help us drive

A

Positive psychology

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14
Q

Study of how individuals and groups impact each other

A

Community psychology

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15
Q

Enhanced memory after receiving information

A

Testing effect

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16
Q

Survey question read retrieve review equals study method

A

Sq3R

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17
Q

Seven current perspectives for explaining human behavior

A

Psychodynamic cognitive behaviorists humanism neuroscience evolutionary social culture

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18
Q

Psychodynamic meaning

A

Back of mind

Freud

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19
Q

Cognitive meaning

A

Thinking

No founder

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20
Q

Behaviorists meaning

A

Watching expression

Watson

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21
Q

Humanism meaning

A

Extremely positive

Maslow and Rogers

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22
Q

Neuroscience meaning

A

Brain. Anything physical.

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23
Q

Evolutionary meaning

A

Traits

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24
Q

Social cultural meaning

A

He’s got the whole world in his hands

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25
Q

The view of psychology that should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental process

A

Behaviorism.

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26
Q

The I knew it all along phenomenon

A

Hindsight bias

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27
Q

Doesn’t finally except arguments or conclusions examines assumptions discerns hidden values evaluates evidence and desserts conclusions

A

Critical thinking

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28
Q

Explanation using principles; organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events

A

Theory

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29
Q

Testable prediction implies by a theory

A

Hypothesis

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30
Q

Statement of the procedures to define reader has variables

A

Operational definition

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31
Q

Repeating a research study with different situations to see whether the finding applies to the different situations

A

Replication

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32
Q

One person is deeply studies to reveal a universal principle

A

Case study

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33
Q

To observe a natural behavior without controlling it

A

Naturalistic observation

34
Q

Questioning self reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group

A

Survey

35
Q

All cases in a group studied so samples can be drawn

A

Population

36
Q

Fair representation. Members all have equal chance of inclusion

A

Random sample

37
Q

Study of how two factors working together predict each other

A

Correlation

38
Q

Statistical index of relationship between Two things

A

Correlation coefficient

39
Q

Graphed cluster of dots

A

Scatterplot

40
Q

Investigator manipulates factors to observe the effects

A

Experiment

41
Q

The group that is exposed to the treatment

A

Experimental group

42
Q

Not exposed to the treatment

A

Control group

43
Q

Assigning participants to groups by chance

A

Random assignment

44
Q

Both research participants and staff are blind to weather participants have treatment or placebo

A

Double-blind procedure

45
Q

Experimental results caused by expectations alone

A

Placebo effect

46
Q

Manipulated factor

A

Independent variable

47
Q

Factor other than the independent variable that produces an effect

A

Confounding variable

48
Q

Outcome Factor

A

Dependent variable

49
Q

Most frequently occurring scores

A

Mode

50
Q

Average

A

Mean

51
Q

Difference between the highest and the lowest scores

A

Range

52
Q

Measure of variation of scores around the mean score

A

Standard deviation

53
Q

Symmetrical bell shaped curve that describes the distribution of many types of data

A

Normal curve

54
Q

Statistical statement of how likely it is that a result occurred by chance

A

Statistical significance

55
Q

Enduring behaviors ideas attitudes values and traditions shared and transmitted through generations

A

Culture

56
Q

Ethical principle that research participants be told enough so they can choose whether they wish to participate

A

Informed consent

57
Q

Postexperimental explanation of study. Includes purpose and deceptions

A

Debriefing

58
Q

Wilhelm wundt

A

Father of psychology. Created first psych lab. Dropped the ball.

59
Q

William James

A

Studies what our thoughts and feelings do by using stream of consciousness. Wrote first psych text. Amazing teacher.

60
Q

Mary whiton Calkins

A

First woman to earn PhD in psychology. Tutored by James. Harvard said no. First female to be the president of APA in 1905

61
Q

Margret Floy Washburn

A

First woman to receive a PhD from Cornell

62
Q

Four ethical guidelines

A

Consent, debriefing, protect, confidential.

63
Q

Three central tendencies

A

Mode, median, mean.

64
Q

Measures of variation

A

Range, standard deviation.

65
Q

Standard deviation numbers

A

1st- 68%
2nd- 95%
3rd- 99%

66
Q

Humans tend to think we know more than we do

A

Overconfidence

67
Q

Subtle wording changes can cause answers to be different. Also called framing.

A

Wording effects

68
Q

A few outliers in the data

A

Skewed distribution

69
Q

Look inward. Apply. Uses senses.

A

Introspection

70
Q

Studies psychological cognitive and social change throughout the lifespan

A

Developmental psychologist

71
Q

Application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces

A

Industrial/organizational psychologist

72
Q

False consensus effect

A

You think people agree with you more then they actually do

73
Q

Illusory correlation

A

You think there is a connection between two variables, but there isn’t

74
Q

Watson and skinner

A

Observable behaviors

75
Q

Psychology is the

A

Child of philosophy and bio (James and Freud)

76
Q

Biological psychology

A

Looks at genes and explains behavior

77
Q

Negatives of a case study

A

Not generalizable. Only one person.

78
Q

Agonist

A

Drug that mimics a neurotransmitter (Alzheimer’s and depression)

79
Q

Antagonist

A

Lessens neurotransmitters= schizophrenia

80
Q

Cortisol

A

Stress hormone that increases blood sugar

81
Q

Curare

A

ACH antagonist. Paralyses the body

82
Q

Lateralization

A

Each hemisphere has a specific function. Left is talking while right is spatial and creativity.

Psych (13 decks)

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