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Anatomy > Lab Midterm > Flashcards

Lab Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Classification of Bones according to shape

A

Long
Short
Flat
Irregular

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2
Q

Types of joint

A

Synarthrosis
Amphiarthrosis
Diarthrosis

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3
Q

Synarthrosis

A

immovable

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4
Q

Amphiarthrosis

A

slightly movable

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5
Q

Diarthrosis

A

freely movable

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6
Q

air spaces or cavities in the skull

A

Sinuses

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7
Q

Haversian system

A

Osteon

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8
Q

increases calcium level in the blood

A

Parathormone

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9
Q

soft spot in the cranium of an infant

A

Fontanel

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10
Q

shaft of a long bone

A

diaphysis

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11
Q

inflammation of the joint

A

Arthritis

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12
Q

soft tissue in the cavity of a bone

A

marrow

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13
Q

bone formation

A

ossification

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14
Q

end of a long bone

A

epiphysis

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15
Q

pain in the joint

A

arthralgia

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16
Q

lateral movement away from the midline of the trunk

A

Abduction

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17
Q

movement medially toward midline

A

Adduction

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18
Q

circular movement of a limb that delineates an arc or describes a cone

moves the distal end of the bone in circle, while keeping the proximal end relatively stable

A

Circumduction

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19
Q

rotary movement around longitudinal axis of a bone toward midline of body

A

internal rotation

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20
Q

rotary movement around longitudinal axis of a bone away from midline of body

A

external rotation

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21
Q

turning sole of foot inward or medially

A

inversion

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22
Q

turning sole of foot outward or laterally

A

eversion

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23
Q

specifics of inversion and eversion

A

ankle and foot

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24
Q

point toes/foot downward

“stand on tip toes”

A

plantarflexion

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25
Q

point toes/foot upward

“foot off gas pedal”

A

dorsiflexion

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26
Q

rotating hand/forearm laterally

“hold the soup”

A

supination

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27
Q

rotating hand/forear medially

“pour the soup”

A

pronation

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28
Q

superior movement of shoulder girdle

A

elevation

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29
Q

inferior movement of shoulder girdle

A

depression

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30
Q

specifics of elevation and depression

A

shoulder girdle

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31
Q

forward movement of shoulder girdle away from spine

abduction of the scapula

A

protraction

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32
Q

backward movement of shoulder girdle toward spine

adduction of scapula

A

retraction

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33
Q

specifics of protraction and retraction

A

shoulder girdle

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34
Q

diagonal movement of thumb across palmar surface of hand to make contact with hand or fingers

A

opposition of the thumb

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35
Q

movement returning of thumb back to its original position

A

reposition

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36
Q

moving the mandible to either right or left

A

excursion

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37
Q

movement in forward direction

A

protraction

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38
Q

break in continuity of bone or cartilage

A

fracture

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39
Q

fracture hematoma does not communicate with the outside

bone breaks cleanly but does not penetrate the skin

A

Closed fracture

40
Q

fracture hematoma communicates with the outside with open wound

broken ends of the bone protrude through soft tissues and the skin

A

Open fracture

41
Q

Traumatic fractures

A

Closed fracture

Open fracture

42
Q

Pathological fractures

A

Localized disorder

Generalized disorder

43
Q

e.g. secondary malignant deosit

A

localized disorder

44
Q

e.g. osteoporosis

A

generalized disorder

45
Q

Fractures according to Path of the Line

A

Transverse fracture
Oblique fracture
Spiral Fracture
Longitudinal fracture

46
Q

a sever form of oblique fracture in which the plan rotates along the long axis of the bone. These occur secondary to rotational force

ragged break occurs when excessive twisting forces are applied to a bone

A

spiral fracture

47
Q

a fracture in which a line is perpendicular to the long axis of the bone

A

Transverse fracture

48
Q

a fracture in which the line is at the oblique angle to the long axis of the bone

A

oblique fracture

49
Q

a fracture in which the line turns nearly parallel to the long axis of the bone.

a long oblique fracture

A

Longitudinal fracture

50
Q

anatomical classification of fractures

A 
comminuted
stellate
impacted
depressed
avulsion
51
Q

bone is broken into more than two fragments

A

comminuted

52
Q

occurs if the flat bones of the skull and in the patella where the fracture lines run in various directions from one point

A

stellate fracture

53
Q

a vertical force drives the distal fragment of the fracture into the proximal fragment

A

impacted fracture

54
Q

this occurs in the skull where a segment of bone gets depressed into the cranium

A

depressed fracture

55
Q

this is one where a chip of bone is avulsed by the sudden and unexpected contraction of a powerful muscle from its point of insertion

A

avulsion fracture

56
Q

is the fracture in the young bone of children where the break is incomplete, leaving one cortex intact

A

Greenstick

57
Q

3 types of connective tissue in skeletal muscle

A

endostium
perimysium
epimysium

58
Q

muscles of the head and neck

A 
frontalis
orbicularis oculi
orbicularis oris
zygomaticus
masseter
sternocleidomastoid
buccinator
59
Q

Frontalis

A

muscles in forehead; moves scalp; elevates eyebrows

60
Q

orbicularis Oculi

A

circles orbit; close and open eyelids

61
Q

Orbicularis oris

A

close and open lips

62
Q

Zygomaticus

A

major - angle of the mouth

Minor - muscle of the upper lip

63
Q

Masseter

A

chewing

64
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

head move to side

65
Q

Buccinator

A

compress cheeks inward (whistling)

66
Q

Muscles of the trunk and abdominals

A

Pectoralis Major
Rectus Abdominis
Trapezius

67
Q

Pectoralis Major

A

chest; flexes; adducts and rotates arm medially

68
Q

Rectus Abdominis

A

abdomen - tenses abdominal wall; compresses abdominal contents

69
Q

Trapezius

A

raises, lowers and rotates scapula

70
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

pull shoulder downward and back; extends, adducts and rotates arm

71
Q

Muscles of the upper limb

A 
Biceps Bracchi
Triceps Bracchi
Deltoid
Flexors of the wrist
Extensors of the wrist
72
Q

Biceps Bracchi

A

flexion of arms

73
Q

Triceps Bracchi

A

extension of arms

74
Q

Deltoid

A

abducts, extends and flexes arm at shoulder

75
Q

Flexors of the wrist

A

flexion of the hand

76
Q

Extensors of the wrist

A

extension of the hand

77
Q

Muscles of the lower limb

A

Gluteus maximus
Quadriceps muscles
Hamstrings
Gastrocnemiius

78
Q

Gluteus maximus

A

extends and rotates thigh laterally at hip

79
Q

Quadriceps muscles

A

extension of legs

80
Q

flexion of legs

A

Hamstrings

81
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

plantarflexion

82
Q

inflammation of bone

A

osteomyelitis

83
Q

Quadriceps

A

rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus intermedius
vastus medialis

84
Q

Hamstring

A

semitendinosus
semimembranosus
biceps femoris

85
Q

injection administered in the muscle

A

intramuscular injection

86
Q

sites of IM

A

Deltoid site
Dorso-gluteal site
Ventro-gluteal
Vastus Lateralis

87
Q

most common site for small volumes

A

Deltoid site

88
Q

Deltoid site

A

locate the acromion process, place a finger on the process and measure 3 fingerbreaths down

89
Q

adults only

A

Dorso-gluteal site

90
Q

Landmarks of dorso-gluteal site

A

posterior superior iliac spine

greater trochanter

91
Q

Dorso-gluteal site

A

imaginary line is drawn between 2 landmards. Find the center of the line and move 1 inch above the line

92
Q

most comfortable and safest

A

ventro-gluteal

93
Q

landmarks of ventro-gluteal

A

greater trochanter
ASIS
Iliac crest

94
Q

Ventro-gluteal

A

with the patien on the side, place palm of hand on greather trochanter. index finger on ASIS and middle finger toward iliac crest

95
Q

site for newborn/infants

A

vastus lateralis

96
Q

vastus lateralis

A

divid the thigh into 3 parts. inject at the middle third

Anatomy (19 decks)

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