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Anatomy > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy of heart

A

apex base located in the thoracic cavity between the 2 pleural cavities

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2
Q

directed toward the left hip and rests on the diaphragm

A

apex

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3
Q

larger, flat end at the posterosuperior aspect, directed towards the right shoulder where the great vessels emerge

A

base

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4
Q

median partition formed by the heart, trachea, esophagus and associated structures

A

mediastinum

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5
Q

Coverings of heart

A

pericardium

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6
Q

double sac of serous membrane that encloses the heart

A

pericardium

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7
Q

2 layers of pericardium

A

parietal pericardium visceral pericardium or epicardium

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8
Q

outer fibrous layer that protects the heart and anchors it to the surrounding structures such as the diaphragm and sternum

A

parietal pericardium

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9
Q

tightly hugs the external surface of the heart and is actually part of the heart wall

A

visceral pericardium

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10
Q

other name of visceral pericardium

A

epicardium

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11
Q

space between the parietal and visceral pericardia

A

pericardial cavity

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12
Q

reduces friction between layers of serous pericardium

A

pericardial fluid

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13
Q

3 layers of the heart wall

A

epicardium myocardium endocardium

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14
Q

outer layer

A

epicardium

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15
Q

middle layer consists of thick bundles of cardiac muscle layer that contracts

A

myocardium

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16
Q

innermost layer thin glistening sheet of endothelium that lines the heart chambers

A

endocardium

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17
Q

4 hollow chambers or cavities

A

atria ventricles

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18
Q

located superiorly receiving chambers

A

atria

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19
Q

separates 2 atria

A

interatrial septum

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20
Q

located inferiorly thick-walled discharging chambers

A

ventricles

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21
Q

separates 2 ventricles

A

interventricular septum

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22
Q

great vessels

A

superior vena cava ingerior vena cava pulmonary trunk pulmonary veins aorta

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23
Q

returns oxygen-poor blood from veins of the upper part of the body to right atrium

A

superior vena cava

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24
Q

returns oxygen-poor blood from veins of lower part of body to right atrium

A

inferior vena cava

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25
Q

splits into right and left pulmonary arteries carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs for oxygenation

A

pulmonary trunk

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26
Q

carries oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium

A

pulmonary veins (4)

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27
Q

where systemic arteries branch out to supply blood to body tissues

A

aorta

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28
Q

circulation from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart

A

pulmonary circulation

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29
Q

function of pulmonary circulation

A

carry blood to the lungs for gas exchange and then return it to the heart

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30
Q

circulation from the left side of the heart through the body tissues and back to the hear

A

systemic circulation

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31
Q

allows blood to flow in only 1 direction through the heart chambers

A

heart valves (4)

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32
Q

heart valves

A

atrioventricular valves (AV valves) semilunar valves

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33
Q

between atria and ventricles prevent backflow of blood back into atria when ventricles contract

A

atrioventricular valves

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34
Q

AV valves

A

tricuspid valve bicuspid or mitral valve

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35
Q

left AV valve

A

bicuspid valve

36
Q

right AV valve

A

tricuspid valve

37
Q

AV valves ______ during systole and ______ during diastole

A

close open

38
Q

guards the bases of the 2 large arteries leaving the ventricles

A

semilunar valves

39
Q

semilunar valves

A

pulmonary valve aortic valve

40
Q

prevent backflow of blood into R ventricle

A

pulmonary or pulmonic valve

41
Q

prevent backflow of blood into L ventricle

A

aortic valve

42
Q

semilunar valves ________ during systole and ______ during diastole

A

open close

43
Q

Conduction System of Heart

A

SA node AV node AV bundle/Bundle of His left and right Bundles Purkinje Fibers

44
Q

pacemaker of heart superior wall of R atrium produces AP at higher rate than other parts of heart

initiates impulses

A

SA node/ Sinoatrial node

45
Q

SA node produces

A

80-100 beats/ min

46
Q

Lower portion of right atrium AP spread slowly through it delays to allow atria to finish contracting

A

AV node/Atrioventricular node

47
Q

projects through the interventricular Septum then divides into 2 branches of conducting tissues called the R & L bundle brances

A

Bundle of His/ Atrioventricular bundle

48
Q

spread within muscles of ventricles

A

Purkinje fibers

49
Q

Functions of Cardiovascular System

A

Generating blood pressure Routing blood Ensuring one-way blood flow Regulating blood supply

50
Q

a recording that traces the flow of electrical current or events through the heart

A

Electrocardiogram

51
Q

depolarization of atria beginning of this precedes the onset of atrial contraction

A

P wave

52
Q

depolarization of ventricles beggining precedes ventricular contraction

A

QRS Complex

53
Q

repolarization of ventricles

A

T wave

54
Q

atria contract and begin to relax; at the end ventricles begin to contract

A

PQ/PR Interval

55
Q

ventricular repolarization and depolarization

A

QT Interval

56
Q

repetitive pumping process begins with the onset of cardiac muscle contraction and ends with beginning next contraction pressure changes produced by heart chambers due to contraction propels blood movement; higher pressure to lower pressure

A

cardiac cycle

57
Q

2 distinct sounds during each cardiac cycle; heard using stethoscope

A

heart sounds

58
Q

S1 lower pitch closure of AV valve at beginning of systole longer and louder

A

lubb

59
Q

S2 higher pitch caused by closure of semilunar valve at end of systole short and sharp

A

dupp

60
Q

abnormal heart sounds caused by faulty valves that fail to close tightly blood leaks swishing sound

A

murmurs

61
Q

volume of blood pumped by either ventricle each minute

A

cardiac output

62
Q

cardiac output =

A

stroke volume x HR

63
Q

volume of blood pumped out by a ventricle with each heartbeat increases as force of ventricular contraction increases

A

stroke volume

64
Q

normal HR under resting condition

A

72-75 beats/min

65
Q

SV

A

70 ml/beat

66
Q

CO =

A

5040-5250 ml/min

67
Q

the volume of blood in the left ventricle at the end of diastole, just before systole

A

end diastolic volume

68
Q

end diastolic volume

A

130 ml

69
Q

volume of blood in the ventricles just after systole

A

end systolic volume

70
Q

end systolic volume

A

50 ml of blood ejection fraction about 65%

71
Q

types of blood vessels

A

arteries arterioles capillaries venules veins

72
Q

carries blood away from heart

A

arteries

73
Q

very small arteries that carry blood to capillaries

A

arterioles

74
Q

carries blood to heart

A

veins

75
Q

tunics of arteries / veins

A

tunica interna/ tunica intima (artery) tunica media tunica externa

76
Q

contains lining of simple squamous epith. called endothelium

A

tunica interna/tunica intima of artery

77
Q

microscopic vessels that connect arterioles to venules

A

capillaries

78
Q

veins formed by union of several capillaries

A

venules

79
Q

inner layer is thinner than arteries

A

tunica interna of vein

80
Q

middle layer and thickes layer consists of elastic fibers and smooth muscle fiber cells that extend circularly the lumen

A

tunica media of artery

81
Q

thinner than arteries with little smooth muscle and elastic fibers

A

tunica media of vein

82
Q

outer layer and composed mainly of elastic and collagen fibers

A

tunica externa of artery

83
Q

thickest layer and consists of collagen and elastic fibers

A

tunica externa of veins

84
Q

has lamina

A

artery

85
Q

more deep into skin

A

artery

86
Q

no presence of valves

A

artery

Anatomy (19 decks)

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