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Anatomy > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

Function of Blood

A

Transportation
Regulation
Protection

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2
Q

Composition of Blood

A

55% Plasma

45% Blood Cells

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3
Q

fluid portion of blood

watery, liquid matrix that contains dissolved substances

A

Plasma

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4
Q

Composition of Plasma

A

91-91.5% water
1.5-2% other solutes
7% proteins

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5
Q

proteins

A

albumin (produced in liver)
globulin
fibrinogen

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6
Q

function of albumin

A

maintain oncotic osmotic pressure

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7
Q

edema

A

plasma accumulating in extravascular/ interstitial space

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8
Q

ascites

A

accumulation of excess fluid in peritoneal cavity

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9
Q

globulin that binds and transports iron

A

transferrin

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10
Q

other examples of globulin

A

IGg

IGm

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11
Q

Fibrinogen is converted into

A

fibrin

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12
Q

function of fibrin

A

clotting

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13
Q

final product of ammonia (toxic)

A

urea

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14
Q

formed elements of blood

A

Blood Cells

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15
Q

Composition of Blood cells

A

95% RBC

5% WBC and Platelets

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16
Q

shape of RBC

A

biconcave, disc-shaped

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17
Q

diameter of RBC

A

7-8 um

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18
Q

description of RBC

A

has no nucleus
strong flexible membrane
contains hemoglobin
transports oxygen

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19
Q

oxygen-carrying protein

A

hemoglobin

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20
Q

1 hemoglobin=

A

4 irons, 4 O molecules

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21
Q

1 RBC =

A

4 million hemoglobin molecules

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22
Q

increase in RBC

A

Erythrocytosis

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23
Q

decrease in RBC

A

Erythropenia

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24
Q

normal RBC count

A

M- 5.4 million/microliter

F-4.8 million/microliter

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25
Q

lifespan of RBC

A

120 days

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26
Q

a hormone secreted by the kidneys that stimulates Red Bone marrow to produce RBC

A

erythropoietin

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27
Q

percentage of total blood volume occupied by RBC

A

Hematocrit

28
Q

normal vol.

A

M - 40-46% (ave. 47%)

F - 38-46% (ave. 42%)

29
Q

storage form of iron in liver

A

Ferritin

30
Q

concentrates bile

A

Gallbladder

31
Q

emulsifies fats

A

bile

32
Q

green pigment

A

Biliverdin

33
Q

yellow pigment

A

bilirubin

34
Q

reason for yellow urine

A

urobilin

35
Q

reason of brown stool

A

stercobilin

36
Q

Classifications of Leukocytes

A 
Granular Leukocytes (Red bone marrow)
Agranular Leukocytes (Lymphatic Tissue)
37
Q

NV = 60 - 70%
most common WBC
Small cytoplasmic granules that stain with acidic and basic dyes
Nuclei commonly lobed (2-4)
remain in blood for short time (10-12 hrs)
move to other tissues

A

Neutrophils

38
Q

Function of Neutrophils

A

Phagocytize microorganisms and other foreign substances

39
Q

neutrophils respond to

A

acute bacterial infection

40
Q

NV = 2-4%
granules stain bright red with eosin - acid stain
2- lobed nucleus

A

Eosinophils

41
Q

Function of Eosinophils

A

release chemicals that reduce inflammation (allergy)

produce chemicals involved with destruction of certain worm parasites

42
Q

NV = 0.5 - 1 %

large cytoplasmic granules that stain blue or purple with basic dyes

A

Basophils

43
Q

Function of basophils

A

liberate histamine, serotonin and other chemicals that promote inflammation
release heparin which prevent formation of clot

44
Q

NV = 20-25%
smallest WBC
cytoplasm only consists of thin, sometimes imperceptible ring around nucleus

A

Lymphocytes

45
Q

types of lymphocytes

A

B cells
T cells
Natural Killer cells

46
Q

Lymphocytes activate during

A

viral infection

47
Q

function of lymphocytes

A

produce antibodies and other chemicals that destroy microorganisms

48
Q

develop into plasma cells which secrete antibodies

A

B cells

49
Q

attack invading viruses, cancer cells and transplanted tissue cells

A

T cells

50
Q

attack invading and wide varieties of infectious microbes

A

Natural Killer cells

51
Q

NV = 3-8%
largest WBC
cytoplasm is blue-gray and has foamy appearance
nucleus is kidney-shaped or horse-shoe shaped

A

Monocytes

52
Q

Function of monocytes

A

phagocytosis (after transformed into fixed of wandering macrophages)

phagocytize bacteia, dead cells, cell fragments and other debris within tissue

break down phagocytized cell and present to lymphocytes resulting in activation of lymphocytes

53
Q

monocytes respond to

A

chronic phase of infection

54
Q

other name of platelets

A

thrombocytes

55
Q

fragments enclosed by a piece of plasma mebrane

NV 150,000-400,000 uL

A

platelets

56
Q

function of platelets

A

helps stop blood loss by damaged blood vessels by forming platelet plug

57
Q

other name of blood clotting

A

coagulation

58
Q

network of threadlike protein fibers called fibrin that traps blood cells, platelets and fluid

A

clot

59
Q

system used to categorize human blood

A

ABO blood group

60
Q

located on surface of RBC

A

Antigen

61
Q

located on plasma

A

Antibody

62
Q

rupture of RBCs and release of hemoglobin into plasma

A

hemolysis

63
Q

agglutination

A

clumping

64
Q

other name of HDN (Hemolytic disease of newborn)

A

Erythroblastosis Fetalis

65
Q

vaccine for HDN

A

RhoGam

66
Q

normal blood pH

A

7.35-7.45

slightly alkaline

Anatomy (19 decks)

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