1.1.1 and 1.1.2

Question 1

Confucius

Answer 1

Stressed the power of ideas and of an educated mind

Question 2

Hebrew scholars

Answer 2

Anticipated today’s psychology by linking mind and emotion to the body

Question 3

Socrates and Pluto

Answer 3

Concludes that mind is separable from body and continues after the body dies; knowledge is born within us

Question 4

Aristotle

Answer 4

Concluded that knowledge is not preexisting instead it grows from the experiences stores in our memories

Question 5

René Descortes

Answer 5

Memories formed as experiences opened pored in the brain into which the animal spirits also flowed

Question 6

Francis Bacon

Answer 6

Our mind hungers to perforce patterns even in random events

Question 7

John Locke

Answer 7

The mind at both is a black slate in which experience writes

Question 8

Empiricism

Answer 8

The view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore rely on observation and experimentation

Question 9

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 9

Experimented with people pressing and button when hearing a ball hit a platform

Question 10

Early schools of psychology

Answer 10

Structuralism, functionalism, and behaviorism

Question 11

Structuralism

Answer 11

An early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the structural elements of the human mind (Edward Bradford Titchener)

Question 12

William James

Answer 12

Assumes that thinking, like smelling, developed because it helped with out ancestor’s survival

Question 13

Consciousness

Answer 13

Enables us to consider it past, adjust to our present circumstances, and plan our future

Question 14

Functionalism

Answer 14

A school of psychology that focused on how out mental and behavioral processes function- how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish

Question 15

Mary Calkins

Answer 15

Earned a Ph.D in psychology at Harvard but was denied the degree; became the 1st female president of the America Psychological Association

Question 16

Margaret Floy Washburn

Answer 16

Became the 2nd female APA president

Question 17

Experimental psychologists

Answer 17

Explore behavior and thinking with experiments

Question 18

Wundt and Titchener

Answer 18

Focused on inner sensations, images, and feelings

Question 19

James

Answer 19

Engaged in introspective examination of the streak of consciousness and of emotion

Question 20

Freud

Answer 20

Emphasized the ways emotional responses to childhood experiences and our unconscious thought processes affect out behavior

Question 21

Behaviorism

Answer 21

The view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes

Question 22

Humanistic psychology

Answer 22

Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individual’s potential for personal growth (Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow)

Question 23

Cognitive revolution

Answer 23

Supported ideas developed by earlier psychologist such as the importance of how our mind processes and retains information

Question 24

Cognitive neuroscience

Answer 24

The interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language

Question 25

Psychology

Answer 25

The science of behavior and mental processes

Question 26

Buddha

Answer 26

Pondered how sensations and perceptions combine to form ideas