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Psychology > 3B1, 3B2, and 3B3 > Flashcards

3B1, 3B2, and 3B3 Flashcards

1
Q

Damage to the back of the brain

A

Disrupts vision

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2
Q

Damage to the left front part produces

A

Speech difficulties

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3
Q

Lesion

A

Tissue destruction. A brain lesion is a naturally or experimentally caused destructions of brain tissue

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4
Q

Damage to one area of the hypothalamus reduces

A

Eating and damage in another causes over-eating

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5
Q

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

A

An amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain’s surface. These waves are measured by electrodes placed on the scalp

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6
Q

CT (computed tomography) scan

A

A series of x-Ray photographs taken from different angles and combined by computer into a composite representation of a slice through the body

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7
Q

PET (position emission tomography) scan

A

A visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form a glucose goes while the brain performs a given task

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8
Q

Neurons are

A

Glucose hogs

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9
Q

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

A

A technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images of soft tissue. MRI scans show brain activity

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10
Q

Musicians who have perfect pitch

A

Have a larger neural area in the left hemisphere of their brain

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11
Q

Patients who have schizophrenia have

A

Fluid-filled brain areas

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12
Q

FMRI (functional MRI)

A

A technique for revealing blood flow and, therefore, brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans show brain function

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13
Q

In humans the brain represents

A

1/45th of the human body

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14
Q

Brainstem

A

The oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull; the Brainstem is responsible for automatic survival functions

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15
Q

Medulla

A

The base of the Brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing

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16
Q

Reticular formation

A

A nerve network in the brain Mayen that plays an important role in controlling arousal

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17
Q

Thalamus

A

The brain’s sensory switchboard, located at the top of the Brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and mendulla

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18
Q

Cerebellum

A

The “little brain” at the rear of the Brainstem; functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance

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19
Q

Limbic system

A

Doughnut-shaped neural system (including the hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus) located below the cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotion and drives

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20
Q

The amygdala

A

Two Lima bean-size neural clusters in the limbic system; linked to emotion

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21
Q

A slight disturbance of the amygdala can make an

A

Ill-tempered creature became calm and placid

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22
Q

Hypothalamus

A

A neural structure lying below the thalamus; it directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temperature), helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to the emotion and reward

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23
Q

Pleasure

A

Motivates someone more than anything else

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24
Q

Animals have built-in systems

A

That reward activities essential to survival

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25
Q

Reward deficiency syndrome

A

A genetically disposed deficiency in the natural brain systems for pleasure and well-being that leads people to crave whatever provides that kissing pleasure or relieves negative feelings

26
Q

cerebrum

A

The two large hemispheres that contribute 85% of the brain’s weight

27
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

A thin surface layer of interconnected neural cells

28
Q

As we move up the animal ladder of life,

A

The cerebral cortex expands, tight genetic controls relax, and the organism’s adaptability increases

29
Q

The cerebral cortex contains

A

20-23 billion nerve Ella and 300 synaptic connections

30
Q

Glial cells

A

Cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons

31
Q

Moving up the ladder of animal life, the proportions

A

Of glia to neurons increases

32
Q

Lobes

A

Geographic subdivisions

33
Q

Fissures

A

Folds

34
Q

Frontal lobes

A

Portions of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead; involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgements

35
Q

Parietal lobes

A

Portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head and toward the rear; receives sensory input for touch and body position

36
Q

Occipital lobes

A

Portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; includes areas that receive information front the visual fields

37
Q

Temporal lobes

A

Portion of the cerebral cortex lying roughly above the ears; includes the auditory areas, each receiving information primarily form the opposite ear

38
Q

Motor cortex

A

An area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements

39
Q

Body areas requiring precise control, such as fingers and mouth,

A

Occupied the greatest amount of cortical space

40
Q

By monitoring the motor cortex

A

We are able to predict movements or speech

41
Q

Sensory cortex

A

Area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations

42
Q

The more sensitive the body region,

A

The larger the sensory cortex area devoted to it

43
Q

Associated areas

A

Areas of the cerebral cortex that are not involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking

44
Q

Frontal lobes enable

A

Judgement, planning, and processing of new memories

45
Q

Damage to the frontal lobe

A

Can also alter personality

46
Q

The parietal lobes enable

A

Mathematical and spatial reasoning

47
Q

Damage to the parietal lobes

A

would make you unable to identify a person you’re familiar with

48
Q

Aphasia

A

Impairment of language m, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca’s area (impairing speaking) or to Wernick’s area (impairing understanding)

49
Q

Damage to Broca’s area

A

Disrupts speaking

50
Q

Damage to Wernicke’s area

A

Also disrupts understanding

51
Q

Damage to the angular gyrus leaves a person able to

A

Speak and understand, but unable to read aloud

52
Q

Nerve fibers

A

Interconnect these areas

53
Q

When you read aloud the words

A

Register in the visual area, are related to a second brain area, the angular gyrus, which transforms the words into an auditory code that is received and understood in nearby Wernicke’s area, and is sent to Broca’s area which controls to motor cortex as it creates the pronounced words

54
Q

Plasticity

A

The brainMa ability to change, especially during childhood, by reorganizing after damaging or by building new pathways based on experience

55
Q

Some of the brain’s neural tissue

A

Can reorganize in response to damage

56
Q

Constraint-induced therapy

A

Aims to require brain’s by rest ringing a fully functioning limb and forcing use of the “bad hand” or the uncooperative leg

57
Q

Deaf people have

A

Advance peripheral vision

58
Q

Stroking the arm f someone who’s hand has been amputated can also

A

Make them feel sensations in their nonexistent fingers

59
Q

Adult mice and humans can

A

Regenerate new brain cells

60
Q

Neurogenesis

A

The formation of new neurons

61
Q

Damage on one side f the brain causes paralysis on the

A

Body’s opposite side

Psychology (44 decks)

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