4.2 Flashcards
What is a signal transduction pathway?
They’re pathways that connect signal reception with cellular responses
Why do cells use signal transduction pathways?
To cause a response from the cell
How does a signal transduction pathway begin?
Through the recognition of a ligand by a receptor protien
What is the role of protein modification in signal transduction pathways?
What is the role of phosphorylation cascades in signal transduction pathways?
What are the 3 stages of cell communication?
- Reception
- Transduction
- Response
What is reception?
It’s the detection of a signaling molecule outside of a cell
What is transduction?
It’s the conversion of chemical signals in order to bring about a cellular response
What is response?
It’s the specific response to a signal molecule
What are some changes that occur as a result of a signal transduction pathway?
Protien modification: turning on or off specific genes in the nucleus, or regulating activity of protiens in the cytoplasm
Phenotype changes: the organisms begins to inhibit different outward appearance
What’s a ligand
A chemical messenger
What are the chemical messegers that a ligand-binding receptor can recognize and have a response to?
A peptide, a small chemical, or a protien
All in a ont-to-one relationship
What can signaling cascades lead to?
- Cell growth
- Secretion of molecules
- Gene expression
What happens to a ligand after a ligand binds to it?
The intracellular domain of the receptor protien changes shape, initiating transduction of the signal
What are second messengers and what do they do?
They are chemical messengers that relay and amplify the cascade of signals
