AP Bio 2.8

Question 1

What is osmosis?

Answer 1

Osmosis is the movement of water through a selectrively permeable membrane

Question 2

What is osmolarity?

Answer 2

It’s the total solute concentration in a solution

Question 3

What does tonicity affect?

Answer 3

The physiology of the cell

Question 4

What is tonicity?

Answer 4

It’s the measurement of relative concentrations between two solutions

(in our case, inside and outside of the cell)

Question 5

What is hypertonic?

Answer 5

There is more solute than solvent

Question 6

What is isotonic?

Answer 6

Both concentrationsare the same

Question 7

What is hypotonic?

Answer 7

There is less solute and more solvent

Question 8

Which direction does water move to in osmosis?

Answer 8

From low to high concentrations

Question 9

What is the relationship between water conc. and solute conc.?

Answer 9

An inverse relationship

Question 10

What does osmoregularition do?

Answer 10

It maintains the balance of water concentration and water potential/solute composition.

Question 11

What takes place when there is less solute inside of a plant cell than in its environment? (Environmental hypertonicity)

Answer 11

Plasmolysis, or the movement of water from the cell towards the outside environment occurs.

Bad

Question 12

What happens when both the plant cell and environments concentrations are isotonic?

Answer 12

Water moves into and out of the cell at equal rates (no net movement) resulting in a flaccid condition for the cell.

Not good

Question 13

What takes place when there is more solute inside of a plant cell than in its environment? (Environmental hypotonicity)

Answer 13

The movement of water from the environment towards the cell occurs, deeming it turgid.

Perfect

Question 14

What is turgor pressure?

Answer 14

It is a pressure on the cell walls that occurs as a result of water moving into the cell and the vacuoles, which causes the cell to expand (causing it to be turgid).

Question 15

What is turgidity?

Answer 15

It’s the optimum state for plant cells

Question 16

What happens to an animal cell if there is less cellular solute than water?

Answer 16

Water will diffuse out, causing the cell to shrivel

Bad

Question 17

What happens if the inside and outside of a cell are isotonic?

Answer 17

Water travels in and out of the cell at equal rates (dynamic equilibrium)

Perfect

Question 18

What are the components of a successful graph?

Answer 18

1. A title
2. Labelled axes with units (X axis -> independent variable, Y axis dependent variable)
   3 Scaling (must exhibit uniform intervals, must be large enough to analyze data, and must use scale numbers on grid lines)
3. Identifiable lines or bars (add a legend or label each line or bar)
4. Trend line (it’s a line of best fit that shows the general pattern or overall direction of the data)

Question 19

What’s a dependent variable?

Answer 19

Effect

Question 20

What’s an independent variable ?

Answer 20

Cause

Question 21

What are the different types of graphs?

Answer 21

1. Line graphs
2. X Y graph (scatter plot)
3. Histogram
4. Bar graph
5. Box and whisker plots
6. Dual Y graph

Question 22

What are line graphs?

Answer 22

They are graphs that:
1. Reveal trends or progress over a changed variable for multiple groups or treatments
2. Track changes over time, concentrations, etc.

Question 23

What’s an X Y graph?

Answer 23

It’s a graph used to determine relationships in different things, and their relationships may or may not be linear

Question 24

What’s a histogram?

Answer 24

It’s a graph that shows a set of data distrubuted across evenly spaced or equal intervals, and it can help explore the relationships between two or more variables

Question 25

What’s a bar graph?

Answer 25

It’s a graph that helps compare multiple groups or treatments to one another

Question 26

What’s a box and whisker’s plot?

Answer 26

It’s a graph that helps show the variability of a sample, and that helps compare distributions in relation to the mean

Question 27

What’s a dual Y graph?

Answer 27

It’s a graph that illustrates the relationship between 2 dependent variables

Question 28

What does water potential measure?

Answer 28

It measures the waters tendency to move by osmosis

Question 29

Water potential = …

Answer 29

Pressure potential + Solute potential

The unit of water potential is called bars

Question 30

Water moves…

Answer 30

From an area of high water potential to low water potential

Question 31

The value of water potential can be…

Answer 31

positive, negative, or zero

Question 32

The more negative the water potential is…

Answer 32

The more likely that water would move into that area

Question 33

if the water potential in a cell is -3 bars, and the water potential outside of a cell is -6 bars, in which direction will water flow?

Answer 33

Towards the outside of the cell

Question 34

What is the water potential of pure water?

Answer 34

0 bars

Question 35

Increasing the amount of solute in water will cause…

Answer 35

An increase in solute potential, and a decrease in water potential

Question 36

Increasing water potential will cause…

Answer 36

An increase in pressure potential

And vice versa

Question 37

In the formula for solute potential, -iCRT, what do the variables signiify?

Answer 37

i = ionization constart
C = no. of moles
R = pressure constant, 0.0831
T = temperature in Kelvin (C + 273)

Question 38

What does pressure potential equal when the system is open?

Answer 38

0