Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Finale G12 > AP Bio Unit 1: Chemistry of Life > Flashcards

AP Bio Unit 1: Chemistry of Life Flashcards

1
Q

What is polarity?

A

A molecule is polar when there is a difference in electronegativity among the atoms.

Oxygen is more electronegative than the two hydrogens which results in a

polar covalent bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is cohesion?

A

Cohesion is the hydrogen bond between 2 (or more) of the same molecules.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do organisms depend on waters chemical properties?

A

u can explain this more but
1. capillary action
2. lower density when frozen
3. high heat capacity
4. surface tension
5. high solvency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What’s a covalent bond?

A

It’s a bond between atoms that is formed as a result of shared electrons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What’s adhesion?

A

Adhesion occurs as a result of hyfrogen bonds between 2 (or more) different molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What can the increased hydrogen bonds between water molecules result in?

A

Surface tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does water’s adhesive property contribute to?

A

It contributes to its high solvency ability (in its liquid state)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

1

What does water’s cohesive property contribute to?

A

It contributes to its unique hydrogen bond interaction when in a solid state (which makesit less dense as opposite to its liquid state).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

2

What does water’s cohesive property contribute to?

A

It contributes to its high heat capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is capillary action a result of?

A

Its a resut of both waters cohesive and adhesive properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is something that all living things require?

A

A constant input of energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the law of conservation of energy state?

A

It states that energy cannot be created nor destroyed. It can only be transformed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is is the main way that organisms use/store energy?

A

They use the energy stored in chemical bonds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Carbon is used to build which macromolecules?

A

Carbohydrates, lipids, nucelic acids, and protiens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Nitrogen is used to build what macrmolecules?

A

Protiens and nucleic acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Phosphorus is used to build what macromolecules?

A

Nucleic acids and certain lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are carbon skeletons?

A

They’re carbon atoms bound together (in chains, rings, and branches) that can allow the attachment of other atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What can carbon skeletons contribute to?

A

They can contribute to the formation of large and complex molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What can molecules that contain carbon be used for?

A

They can be used for storing energy, and for forming basic cell structures

20
Q

What are monomers?

A

They are chemical subunits that are used to create polymers

21
Q

What’s a polymer?

A

A polymer is a macromolecule composed of many monomers

22
Q

What type of bond is formed between 2 monomers?

A

A covalent bond

23
Q

What’s the monomer?

Carbohydrate

A

Monosaccharide

24
Q

What’s the monomer?

Protien

A

Amino acid

25
Q

What’s the monomer?

Nucleic Acid

A

Nucleotide

26
Q

What’s the monomer?

Lipids

A

No true monomer

fatty acid

27
Q

How are covalent bonds formed between monomers?

A

Through dehydration synthesis reactions (removal of H and OH)

28
Q

What do hydrolosis reactions do?

A

They break/cleave the covalent bonds between monomers

29
Q

Function is related to…

A

structure

30
Q

What is a nucleotide composed of?

A

A pentose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base

31
Q

What’s the difference between DNA and RNA?

A

DNA -> Deoxyribose sugar, Thymine
RNA -> Ribose sugar, Uracil

32
Q

Lipids are composed of…

A

Fatty acids and glycerol

33
Q

Hydrophillic is…

A

polar

34
Q

Hydrophobic is…

A

non-polar

35
Q

What’s the directionality of nucleic acids?

A

It’s 3’ hydorxyl and 5’ phosphate group are alternating (antiparallel)

36
Q

During the synthesis of nucleic acids, where are nucleotides added?

A

On the 3’ end

37
Q

How many hydrogen bonds are between adenine and thymine?

A

2 hydrogen bonds

38
Q

How many hydrogen bonds are between guanine and cytosine?

A

3 hydrogen bonds

39
Q

What is the directionality of a protien determined by?

A

It’s determined by its amino terminus and carboxyl terminus

40
Q

When a protien is synthesized, where are amino acids added?

A

They are added to the carboxyl group

41
Q

How are amino acids bonded to the carboxyl group of a protien?

A

Covalent/Peptide bonds

Only one end of the chain contains a carboxyl group i think, and

the amino acid will always be added there

42
Q

What are the 4 possible structures for a protien?

A

Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary sttuctures.

43
Q

How does the secondary structure come about?

A

Through the folding of the primary structure (into alpha helicase and beta helicase)

44
Q

What does the tertiary structure look like?

A

It looks like a 3D structure

45
Q

What is the quaternary structure composed of?

A

It’s composed of many tertiary structures

46
Q

What can the directionality of monosaccharide polymers have an effect on?

A

It can have an effect on the overall function of the carbohydrate

Alpha and Beta glucose for example

47
Q

Carbohydrate polymers may be…

A

Linear or branchedf

Finale G12 (76 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions