4.7 Flashcards
- What are cell cycle checkpoints?
- What is the role of checkpoints in regulating the cell cycle?
- How are proteins are involved in checkpoints?
- What happens if the cell cycle is disrupted?
- Checkpoints are regulatory events in the cell cycle.
- Checkpoints help determine whether the cell is ready to progress through the cell cycle.
- Proteins are used to activate or inhibit cell cycle activities.
- Apoptosis and/or cancer can occur when the cell cycle is disrupted.
What do internal controls or checkpoints do?
Internal controls or checkpoints regulate progression through the cycle.
What is the G1 checkpoint and what does it do?
G1 Checkpoint
* It’s a checkpoint at the end of the G1 phase
* Cell size check
* Nutrient check
* Growth factor check
* DNA damage check
What is the G2 checkpoint and what does it do?
G2 Checkpoint
* It’s a checkpoint at the end of G2 phase
* DNA replication check
* DNA damage check
What does the M spindle checkpoint do?
M-spindle Checkpoint
* Fiber attachment to chromosome check
Interactions between two things control the cell cycle. What are they?
Interactions between cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases control the cell cycle.
What are cyclins?
A group of related proteins associated with specific phases of the cell cycle
Different cyclins are involved…
in different phases of the cell cycle
What happens when there’s an increased concenctration of cyclins?
Cell cycle progression is promoted
What happens when there’s an decreased concenctration of cyclins?
Cell cycle progression is inhibited
What do cyclins activate?
CDKs
Each type of cyclin is specific to each type of CDKs
What are CDKs?
- Group of enzymes involved in cell cycle regulation
- Requires cyclin binding for activation
- Phosphorylate substrates, promotes certain cell cycle activities
What can dispruptions to the cell cycle cause?
- Apoptosis
- Cancer
1.
Cancer is the result of what?
- Cancer is the result of an unregulated cell cycle with uncontrolled cell division
