4.3 Eukaryotic Cells Flashcards
Plasma membrane
Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that separates inside of cell with outside environment
Phospholipid
Lipid molecule with two fatty acid chains
Cytoplasm
The cell’s entire region between plasma membrane and nuclear envelope ( background space)
Cytosol
The cytoplasm’s gel-like material in which cell structures are suspended
Nucleus
Houses DNA and directs the synthesis of ribosomes and proteins
Nuclear envelope
double-membrane structure that constitutes the nucleus’ outermost portion
nucleoplasm
semi-solid fluid inside the nucleus
chromosomes
structures within the nucleus that are made up of DNA, the hereditary material
chromatin
protein-DNA complex that serves as the
chromosomes’ building material
nucleolus
(area within the nucleus) that aggregates the ribosomal RNA with associated proteins to assemble the ribosomal subunits that are then transported out through the pores
in the nuclear envelope to the cytoplasm.
Ribosomes
cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis
mitochondria
“powerhouses” responsible for making adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the cell’s main energy-carrying molecule
Peroxisomes
-small, round organelles enclosed by single membranes
-carry out oxidation reactions that break down
fatty acids and amino acids
-detoxify many poisons
Vesicles and vacuoles
- membrane-bound sacs that function in storage and transport
-vacuoles are somewhat larger
centrosome
a microtubule-organizing center found near the nuclei of animal cells
