9.2 Propagation of the Signal

Question 1

signal transduction

Answer 1

propagation of the signal through the
cytoplasm (and sometimes also the nucleus) of the cell

Question 2

dimerization

Answer 2

two receptors bind to each other to form a stable complex called a dimer.

Question 3

dimer

Answer 3

chemical compound formed when two molecules (often identical) join together.

Question 4

signaling pathway

Answer 4

(cascade) second
messengers–enzymes–and activated proteins interact with specific proteins, which are in turn activated in a chain reaction that
eventually leads to a change in the cell’s environment

Question 5

signal integration

Answer 5

signals from two or more different cell-surface receptors
merge to activate the same response in the cell.

Question 6

kinase

Answer 6

enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to another molecule

Question 6

kinase

Answer 6

enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to another molecule

Question 7

Second messengers

Answer 7

small molecules that propagate a signal after it has been initiated by the binding of the signaling
molecule to the receptor

Question 8

cyclic AMP (cAMP)

Answer 8

second messenger that is derived from
ATP

Question 9

inositol phospholipids

Answer 9

lipids that can also be converted into
second messengers