Lecture 2 - Staining Cont. and Cytology

Question 1

How many colors are in Hematoxylin - eosin (HE) stains?

Answer 1

Two (red and blue)

Question 2

What stains red/pink in HE?

Answer 2

acidophilic, like cytoplasm

Question 3

What stains blue/purple in HE?

Answer 3

Basophilic, like plasma cells, pancreatic exocrine cells, chief cells in stomach (arrows), neurons, chondroblasts, osteoblasts.
Essentially, cells that produce protein

Question 4

Nucleus (DNA) and basal cytoplasm containing RER (RNA) are…
baso or acidophilic?

Answer 4

Basophilic

Question 5

Apical cytoplasm with
zymogen granules (enzyme precursors) – enzymes - proteins is...
baso or acidophilic?

Answer 5

Acidophilic

Question 6

What’s another word for acidophilic?

Answer 6

Eosinophilic

Question 7

Silver stain is used for

Answer 7

reticular fibers, nerve fibers

Question 8

Two types of elastic fiber stain?

Answer 8

Weigert’s elastic stain

Orcein stain

Question 9

In silver stain, nerve fibers are what color?

Answer 9

Black

Question 10

Was is Periodic Acid Schiff used for?

Answer 10

• stain for basement membrane and to localize carbohydrates (stain magenta)
• polysaccharides (carbohydrate polymers ) such as glycogen,
• mucosubstances such as glycoproteins, glycolipids and mucins in tissues

Question 11

In a Pas stain, what color are goblet cells?

Answer 11

pink/purple

Question 12

Goblet cells

Answer 12

secrete mucus to protect airways

Question 13

How is lipid stain preparation different?

Answer 13

Don’t use alcohol-will wash out lipids

Instead, use frozen sections and can skip the washing and embedding steps

Question 14

Enzyme histochemistry example:
In Gomori’s method for alkaline phosphatase the brush border of proximal convoluted tubules in the kidney stain what color?

Answer 14

black

Question 15

Which colors bind to what in fluorescence microscopy?

Answer 15

Blue fluorescence binding to nuclear DNA.

Green fluorescent dye binds to actin filaments

Question 16

In polarized light microscopy, collagen fibers are what color?
What about elastic fibers and nuclei?

Answer 16

Bright red or yellow

Not detected

Question 17

Using an extra step to attach a secondary antibody (indirect), makes the compound

Answer 17

more specific

Question 18

Immunocytochemistry vs immunohistochemistry

Answer 18

Cyto - cell

Histo - tissue

Question 19

Three basic constituents of a cell

Answer 19

• cytosol (hyaloplasm)
• organelles (cell organelles)
• cell inclusions (paraplasm)

Question 20

Hyaloplasm

Answer 20

basic structureless cytoplasm; the best electron microscopes reveal no structure in it.

Question 21

Cell organelles

Answer 21

the nucleus, mitochondria, the Golgi complex, ribosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, the cytoskeleton (centriole, microtubules, actin and
myosin filaments, intermediate filaments), proteasomes.

Question 22

Cell inclusions (paraplasm)

Answer 22

secretory granules, glycogen, lipid droplets, crystaloids,

pigments: melanin, lipofuscin, lutein

Question 23

Multiple nuclei are present in what cells? (4)

Answer 23

skeletal muscle cells, osteoclasts, megakaryoblasts / megakaryocytes and in giant cells (found in pathological processes)

Question 24

In eukaryotic cells, the genome is separated from the cytoplasm by a

Answer 24

double nuclear envelope

Question 25

Is chromatin baso or acidophilic?

Answer 25

basophilic

Question 26

Two types of chromatin?

Answer 26

Heterochromatin (inactive) vs. Euchromatin (active)

Question 27

The nuclear envelope connects to

Answer 27

the RER

Question 28

What’s the purpose of nuclear pores?

Answer 28

allow passage of RNA, proteins into the cytoplasm

Question 29

What’s the purpose of the nucleolus?

Answer 29

to produce rRNA

Question 30

Most euchromatic cells fall into these four categories:

Answer 30

• Neurons
• Hepatocytes (liver cells)
• Pancreatic acinar cells - digestion
• Sertoli cells