BIOLOGY CH 7

Question 1

The ______ is the site of transcription of rRNA by _________ .

Answer 1

Nucleolus; RNA pol I

Question 2

The nucleolus is the site of transcription of _____ by RNA pol I.

Answer 2

rRNA

Question 3

T/F: Bacteria have multiple RNA pol?

Answer 3

False. Bacteria have only a single kind of RNA pol which is responsible for all transcription

Question 4

Larger protiens are excluded from the nucleus interior unless they contains a sequences of basic amino acids called?

Answer 4

Nuclear localization sequence

Question 5

Name 4 things found in the nucleolus.

Answer 5

1. DNA
2. RNA polymerases
3. rRNA
4. Protein components of the ribosome

Question 6

T/F: RNA splicing occurs in the nucleus?

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Is it possible for small proteins to diffuse from the cytoplasm into the nucleus through the nuclear pores?

Answer 7

Yes, molecules that are smaller than 60 kilodaltons

Question 8

Where does pyruvate decarboxylation occur?

Answer 8

In the matrix of the mitochondria

Question 9

How does pyruvate get into the mitochondrial matrix?

Answer 9

Pyruvate is transported through the inner membrane by a specific protein in the membrane.

Question 10

What is the enzyme responsible for pyruvate decarboxylation?

Answer 10

Pyruvate dehydrogenase

Question 11

Describe the DNA of mitochondria.

Answer 11

Single and circular

Question 12

What is mitochondrial DNA encode for?

Answer 12

1. rRNA
2. tRNA
3. several proteins

Question 13

What are some example proteins that mitochondrial DNA encodes for?

Answer 13

1. Components of the ETC

2. Parts of the ATP synthase complex

Question 14

T/F: Most mitochondrial proteins are encoded by mitochondrial genes?

Answer 14

False. Most are encoded by nuclear genes.

Question 15

What is the van’t Hoff (ionizability) factor (i)?

Answer 15

The number of molecules a compound breaks down into when in water.

1. NaCl –> 2
2. Glucose –> 1
3. CaCl2 –> 3

Question 16

Oncogenes

Answer 16

Mutated genes that induce cancer

Question 17

Protooncogenes

Answer 17

The normal versions of the genes that allow for regular growth patterns, but can be converted into oncogenes under the right circumstances

Question 18

p53

Answer 18

An example of a product of a common tumor suppressor gene. Its production is scaled up when genetic damage or oncogene activity is detected, and if sufficient repair is not possible. p53 will cause the cell to die via apoptosis if sufficient repair is not possible

Question 19

Caspases

Answer 19

Family of proteases that are responsible for carrying out the events of apoptosis. They have a cysteine in their active site. There are initiator caspases and effector caspases