Psychology Peeps Flashcards
Edwin Sutherland
Differential association. Deviance is a learned behavior resulting from interactions between individuals and their communities
Howard Becker
Labeling theory. Deviance is the result of society’s response to a person rather than something inherent in the person’s actions. Can lead to self-fulfilling prophecies.
Robert Merton
Structural strain theory. Deviance is the result of experienced strain, either individual or structural. Individuals experience social strain because existing social structures are inadequate, there is pressure to use deviant methods to prevent failure.
Herbert Blumer
A sociologist whose ideas were foundational in the understanding of collective behavior. Involved with social interactionism. He identified four main forms of collective behavior:
- Crowds
- Publics
- Masses
- Social movements
Max Weber
Outlined characteristics of an ideal bureaucracy.
Also, agreed with Karl Marx that inequalities in a capitalist system would lead to conflict, but he did not believe that collapse of capitalism was inevitable; rather, he argued that there could be more than one source of conflict, such as conflict over inequalities in political power and social status. Weber also argued that there were several factors that moderated people’s reaction to inequality, such as agreement with authority figures, high rates of social mobility, and low rates of class difference.
Emile Durkheim
The father of sociology and was a major proponent of functionalism and believed that modern societies were more complex than primitive societies. Complex societies involved many different but interdependent parts working together to maintain stability, a type of dynamic equilibrium.
Karl Marx
Closely identified with conflict theory. He looked at the economic conflict between different social classes. Marx argued that societies progress through class struggle between those who own and control production and those who labor and provide the manpower for production. He believed that capitalism produced internal tensions that would ultimately lead to self-destruction of capitalist society, to be replaced by socialism.
Ludwig Gumplowicz
Expanded upon Karl Marx’ ideas by proposing that society is shaped by war and conquest, and that cultural and ethnic conflicts lead to certain groups becoming dominant over other groups.
Name the 3 founding fathers of sociology.
- Emile Durkheim
- Karl Marx
- Max Weber
George Herbert Mead
His work on social behaviorism influenced symbolic interactionism, which examines the relationship between individuals and society by focusing on communication. Social behaviorism is the mind and self emerge through the process of communicating with others.
Carl Rogers
Founder of the humanistic psychology perspective, pioneered a unique approach to understanding personality and human relationships. According to Rogers, personality is composed of the real and ideal self and the difference between the two is known as incongruence
Charles Horton Cooley
The idea of the looking-glass self, which is the idea that a person’s sense of self develops from interpersonal interactions with others in society and the perceptions of others. Based on this idea, people shape their self-concepts based on their understanding of how others perceive them. Symbolic interactionism.
Solomon Asch
Did the experiment involving which of these 3 lines are similar to this one and the confederates chose the wrong one causing the participant to choose the wrong one
Stanley Milgram
Did the experiment involving participants shocking the confederate with increasing voltage
Sigmund Freud
Composed the drive theory, which is based on physical stress and generally function for self-preservation or helping kin. Pent-up stress transforms into aggression when triggered by certain stimuli.
