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Anatomy > Ch. 5 > Flashcards

Ch. 5 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two later of the skin

A

epidermis and dermis

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2
Q

what is hypodermis composed of

A

areolar an adipose tissue

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3
Q

what are the 5 important functions of the skin

A

protection, body temperature regulation, excretion, production of vitamin D, sensory reception

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4
Q

what are the 4 main cell types found in the epidermis

A

keratinocytes, melanocytes, tactile epithelial cells, dendritic cells

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5
Q

keratinocytes

A

located in stratum spinosum produce keratin, fibrous protein

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6
Q

melanocytes

A

found in basal layer; manufacture and secrete pigment

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7
Q

tactile epithelial cells

A

found in basal layer; attached to sensory nerve endings

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8
Q

dendritic cells

A

found in stratum spinosum; part of immune system; macrophage-like

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9
Q

what are the layers of the epidermis

A

stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucid (only in thick skin), stratum corneum

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10
Q

what happens in the stratum basale

A

cells actively divide

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11
Q

what does the stratum basal contain

A

tactile epithelial cells and melanocytes

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12
Q

what does the stratum spinosum contain

A

thick bundles of intermediate filaments, dendritic cells

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13
Q

what does stratum granulosum consist of

A

few layers of keratinocytes

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14
Q

what do keratinocytes contain

A

keratohyaline granules- help form keratin, lamellar granules-contain waterproofing glycolipid

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15
Q

descrie stratum lucidum

A

occurs only in thick skin (palms and soles), composed of a few rows of flat, dead keratinocytes

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16
Q

describe the stratum corneum

A

thick layers of dead keratinocytes and thickened plasma membranes, protects skin against abrasion and penetration

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17
Q

what are the two layers of the dermis

A

papillary dermis (includes dermal papillae) and reticular dermis (deeper layer)

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18
Q

describe the papillary dermis

A

includes dermal papillae, increase surface area for exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes

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19
Q

what are epidermal ridges (friction ridges)

A

elevation of dermal ridges, AKA fingerprints

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20
Q

purpose of epidermal ridges

A

increases gripping ability of hands and feet

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21
Q

cleavage lines

A

separation b/t collagen fibers

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22
Q

flexure lines

A

deep creases in palms, wrists, soles, finger, and toes

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23
Q

what are the two types of vascular plexuses found in the reticular dermis

A

dermal plexus, and sub papillary plexus

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24
Q

what type of tissue is in the hypodermis

A

areolar and adipose connective tissue

25
Q

function of hypodermis

A

anchors skin to underlying structures, helps insulate body

26
Q

what is another name for the hypodermis

A

superficial fascia

27
Q

name the 3 pigments that contribute to skin color

A

melanin, carotene, hemoglobin

28
Q

what is melanin made of

A

made from tyrosine

29
Q

carotene

A

yellowish pigment from carrots and tomatoes

30
Q

hemoglobin

A

caucasian skin contains little melanin, allows crimson color of blood to show though

31
Q

nails

A

scalelike modifications of epidermis make of hard keratin

32
Q

list the parts of the nail

A

free edge, body, root, nail folds, eponychium

33
Q

describe hair

A

flexible strand of dead, keratinized cells

34
Q

what are the parts of hair

A

root (embedded in skin), and shaft (projections above skin’s surface)

35
Q

name the 3 concentric layers of keratinized cells hair contains

A

medulla (center core), cortex (surrounds medulla), and cuticle (outermost layer)

36
Q

hair follicles

A

extend from epidermis into dermis

37
Q

hair bulb

A

deep, expanded end of he hair follicle

38
Q

root plexus

A

knot of sensory nerves around hair bulb

39
Q

arrestor pili muscle

A

bundle of smooth muscle, hair stands erect when arrector pili contracts

40
Q

villus hairs

A

body hairs of women and children

41
Q

terminal hairs

A

hair of scalp, axillary, and pubic area (at puberty)

42
Q

sebaceous glands are found one entire body except

A

palms and soles

43
Q

function of sebum

A

collects dirt; softens and lubricates hair and skin

44
Q

what is sweat

A

a blood filtrate, 99% water w/ some salts

45
Q

what are the two types o sweat glands

A

eccrine gland (merocrine) and apocrine gland

46
Q

what do eccrine gland (merocrine) produce

A

produce true sweat

47
Q

where are apocrine glands confined

A

axillary, anal, and genital areas

48
Q

what do procaine glands produce

A

special kind of sweat, musky odor attracts mate; signal info. about person’s immune system etc.

49
Q

name 2 modified apocrine lgands

A

ceruminous glands and mammary glands

50
Q

describe first degree burns

A

only upper epidermis is damaged

51
Q

describe second degree burns

A

upper part of dermis is also damaged; blisters appear, skin heals w/ little scarring

52
Q

describe third degree burns

A

consumes thickens of skin, area appears white, red, or blackened

53
Q

what are the 3 types of skin cancer

A

basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma

54
Q

what type of skin cancer is the least malignant and most common

A

basal cell carcinoma

55
Q

what is the most dangerous type of skin cancer

A

melanoma

56
Q

where does the epidermis develop from

A

embryonic ectoderm

57
Q

where does the dermis and hypodermis develop from

A

mesoderm

58
Q

what do melanocytes develop from

A

neural crest cells

Anatomy (20 decks)

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