Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > E4 Ch. 18 > Flashcards

E4 Ch. 18 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 2 divisions of the circulatory system

A

cardiovascular and lymphatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

blood is a transport mechanism for what

A

nutrients, signaling molecules, respiratory gases, waste products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how much blood is in men and women

A

M- 5-6 liters

F- 4-5 liters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is hematocrit

A

the measure of % RBC
M- 47% +/- 5%
F- 42% +/- 5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the buffy coat

A

portion of blood composed of leukocytes and platelets, present at junction of plasma and RBCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how much water is found in blood plasma

A

90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the 3 main proteins found in blood plasma

A

albumin, globulins, and fibrinogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

function of albumin

A

prevents water from diffusing out of blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

globulins

A

included antibodies and blood proteins that transport lipids, iron, and copper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

fibrinogen

A

one of the molecules involved in chemical reactions for blood clotting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the different types of blood cells

A

erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what colors do acidic dye and basic dye stain

A

acidic dye- eosin; pink

basic dye-methylene blue; blue/purple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how much erythrocytes are found in men and women

A

M-5.2-5.8 million cells/cubic millimeter

F- 4.3-5.2 million cells/cubic millimeter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

describe erythrocytes

A

7.5 micometer in diameter, most numerous formed element, have no organelles or nuclei, packed w/ hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what gives blood its red color

A

oxidation of iron atoms of hemoglobin molecules found on erythrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

describe how the shape of erythrocytes contribute to respiratory function

A

biconcave shape increases surface area (97% hemoglobin) which allows it to pick up O2 at lung capillaries and release O2 across other tissue capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

amount of leukocytes (WBC) found in blood

A

4800-11,000/cubic millimeter

18
Q

function of WBC

A

protect body from infectious microorganisms, function outside bloodstream in loose connective tissue

19
Q

diapedesis

A

circulating leukocytes leave the capillaries

20
Q

where do leukocytes originate from

A

bone marrow

21
Q

what are the 2 kinds of leukocytes

A

granulocytes and agranulocytes

22
Q

how many nucleus lobes do neutrophils have and what type of stains do they pick up

A

2-6 lobes, pick up acidic and basic stains

23
Q

function of neutrophils

A

attracted by bacterial products and are the 1st line of defense in inflammatory response, phagocytize and destroy bacteria, release enzymes into extracellular matrix of infected tissue

24
Q

describe the physical aspects of eosinophils

A

large granules and stain red

25
Q

function of eosinophils

A

play a role in ending allergic reactions by phagocytizing allergens, secrete enzymes that degrade histamines

26
Q

describe basophils and its function

A

2 lobe nucleus, function in inflammation mediation, granules secrete histamines, direct later stages of inflammation in allergies and parasitic infections, similar function to mast cells

27
Q

describe lymphocytes and its functions

A

nucleus stains dark purple, effective infighting infectious organism, act against specific foreign molecule (antigen), most important cells of immune system

28
Q

describe the 2 main classes of lymphocyte

A

T cells- attack foreign cells directly

B cells- multiply to become plasma cells; secrete antibodies

29
Q

describe monocytes and its function

A

largest leukocytes, nucleus kidney shaped, transform into macrophages; phagocytic cells

30
Q

where do platelets come from

A

cell fragments that break off from megakaryocytes, function in blood clotting

31
Q

hematopoiesis

A

process by which blood cells are formed in red marrow, 100 billion new blood cells formed each day

32
Q

function of red marrow

A

actively generates new blood cells, contains immature erythrocytes

33
Q

in adults where is red marrow located

A

b/t trabeculae of spongy bone of axial skeleton, girdles, proximal epiphyses of humerus and femur

34
Q

what do lymphoid stem cells give rise to

A

lymphocytes

35
Q

what do myeloid stem cells give rise to

A

all other blood cells

36
Q

polycythemia

A

disorder of erythrocytes; abnormal excess of erythrocytes

37
Q

anemia

A

erythrocyte levels or hemoglobin concentrations are low

38
Q

sickle cell disease

A

inherited condition, results from defective hemoglobin molecule, erythrocytes distort into sickle shape

39
Q

leukemia

A

disorder of leukocytes; form of cancer, classified as lymphoblastic or myeloblastic

40
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

disorder of platelets; abnormally low concentration of platelets

Anatomy (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions