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CPT > Chemo Drugs > Flashcards

Chemo Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What are examples of alkylating agents?

A

Cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil, busulfan

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2
Q

What are examples of antimetabolites?

A

5-fluorouracil, methotrexate, fludarabine

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3
Q

What are examples of cytotoxic antibiotics?

A

Doxorubicin, bleomycin

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4
Q

What are examples of vinca alkaloids?

A

Vincristine, vinblastine

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5
Q

What are examples of taxanes?

A

Paclitaxel

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6
Q

What are examples of tyrosine kinase inhibitors?

A

Imatinib, nilotinib

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7
Q

What are examples of immunomodulators?

A

Thalidomide

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8
Q

What are some examples of endocrine modulators?

A

Tamoxifen, anastrozole, cyproterone

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9
Q

What are common side effects of cyclophosphamide?

A

Haemorrhagic cystitis - incidence reduced by MESNA (an organosulphate)
BM suppression
Alopecia

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10
Q

What are common side effects of doxorubicin?

A

Cardiomyopathy

BM suppression

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11
Q

What are common side effects of bleomycin?

A

Pulmonary fibrosis

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12
Q

What are common side effects of vincristine?

A

Peripheral neuropathy

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13
Q

What are common side effects of paclitaxel?

A

Hypersensitivity

Peripheral neuropathy

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14
Q

What are common side effects of 5-fluorouracil?

A

Mucositis

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15
Q

How would you mx N&V in a patient on chemo?

A

Regular anti-emetics: not PRN

Especially 5-HT3 antagonists, synthetic cannabinoid and glucocorticoids

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16
Q

How do 5HT3 antagonists work?

A

Block the 5HT3 area in the postrema (solitary tract nucleus and vagal afferents)
Work synergistically with other anti-emetics (steroids, NK-1)

17
Q

When would you give 5HT3 antagonists?

A

Normally before chemo

18
Q

What are common side effects of 5HT3 antagonists?

A

Constipation, headache and dizziness

19
Q

What are examples of 5HT3 receptor antagonists?

A

Ondansetron, granisetron, palonosetron

20
Q

How do neurokinin-1 antagonists work?

A

Block neurokinin-1, blocking effect of substance P.

21
Q

When would you use an NK-1 antagonist?

A

Platinum containing regimes

22
Q

How would you give NK-1 antagonists?

A

Part of a 3 day course with 5HT3 antagonists and corticosteroids.

23
Q

What are common side effects of NK-1 antagonists?

A

Hiccups, constipation, dyspepsia

ALT raise may occur

24
Q

What are some examples of NK-1 antagonists?

A

Aprepitant

25
Q

What are some examples of synthetic cannabinoids?

A

Nabilone

26
Q

How do synthetic cannabinoids work?

A 
Mimics tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
Used in resistant chemotherapy unresponsive to other agents
27
Q

How do glucocorticoids work to combat N&V?

A

Unclear. Work synergistically with other agents e.g. dexamethasone
Role in preventing delayed emesis (>24 hours after chemo)

28
Q

What else are glucocorticoids used for in oncology?

A

Reduce cerebral oedema, cord compression

29
Q

What is amifostine used for?

A

Reducing neutropenia and nephrotoxicity associated with cisplatin

Protects against xerostomia during head and neck radiotherapy

30
Q

How does amifostine work?

A

Cytoprotective adjunct for DNA-binding chemotherapy

31
Q

What is G-CSF used for?

A

Reduction of neutropenia associated with chemo

Should not be used routinely

32
Q

What is a problem with prolonged use of G-CSF ?

A

Myeloid malignancy

33
Q

What is Rasburicase used for?

A

Prevention and treatment of tumour lysis syndrome

34
Q

How does Rasburicase work?

A

Recombinant enzyme which metabolises uric acid

35
Q

What are side effects of Rasburicase?

A

Fever

Hypersensitivity reactions

36
Q

How do you define neutropenic sepsis?

A

Neutrophil count less than 0.5x10^9 and temp >38 degrees

Or, signs and symptoms consistent with sepsis

37
Q

How to ix neutropenic sepsis?

A

Urgent blood cultures

38
Q

How do you treat neutropenic sepsis?

A

One hour for treatment!

Tazocin (piperacillin with tazobactam) + early oncology referral

CPT (24 decks)

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