4B : DERMA Flashcards
(41 cards)
- inert substances that soothe inflamed or denuded mucosa or skin by preventing air irritants in the surroundings.
- They typically have a high molecular weight and are thick, colloidal/viscid solutions in water.
- Some can also produce foam with water, reduce surface tension, and may act as suspending or emulsifying agent
astringents
emollients
demulcents
adsorbants
demulcents
- They are bland, oily substances that soothe and soften the skin.
- form an occlusive film over the skin, preventing evaporation and restoring the elasticity of cracked and dry skin.
astringents
emollients
demulcents
adsorbants
emollients
- corrosive
- generally causing local tissue destruction and sloughing
irritants and counter irritants
caustic
escharotics
keratolytic
anti seborrheic
caustic
- cauterizer
- precipitates proteins that exude to form a scab which later forms a tough scar.
irritants and counter irritants
caustic
escharotics
keratolytic
anti seborrheic
escharotics
They are substances that precipitate proteins located on cellular surface promoting a mechanically stronger layer and thus preventing excoriation.
astringents
emollients
demulcents
adsorbants
astringents
- stimulate sensory nerve endings and induce inflammation at the site of application.
irritants
counter irritants
emollients
demulcents
adsorbants
irritants
produce cutaneous impulses that obscure the deeper sensation when applied to the area of skin supplied by nerves from the same segment as the deeper organ from which pain impulses are coming.
irritants
counter irritants
emollients
demulcents
adsorbants
counter irritants
They are finely powdered, inert, and insoluble solids capable of binding to their surface to adsorb noxious and irritant substances and afford protective mechanisms to the skin and the mucosa.
irritants
counter irritants
emollients
demulcents
adsorbants and protectives
adsorbants and protectives
dissolve the intercellular substance in the horny layer of the skin, causing it to swell, soften, and desquamate.
keratolytic
counter irritants
emollients
demulcents
adsorbants and protectives
keratolytic
These are drugs used in the management of seborrheic dermatitis characterized as erythematous scaly lesions located commonly in areas rich in sebaceous glands such as the scalp, face, and trunk may be caused by yeast infections, change in quantity and composition of sebum, increased skin alkalinity due to persistent sweating, external local factors, emotional stress, and genetic predisposition.
keratolytic
anti seborrheic
emollients
demulcents
adsorbants and protectives
anti seborrheic
drugs that increase sensitivity to solar radiation and promote repigmentation of vitiliginous areas of the skin by photoactive stimulation of melanocytes and inducing their proliferation.
keratolytic
anti seborrheic
melanizing agent
sunscrfeen
topical steroids
melanizing agent
used to diminish the lesions caused by psoriasis - an immunologic disorder manifesting as localized or widespread erythematous scaling lesions or plaques causing excessive epidermal proliferation with dermal inflammation. Therapy usually begins with a dose of corticosteroids and relapses are common.
keratolytic
anti seborrheic
drugs for psoriasis
sunscrfeen
topical steroids
drugs for psoriasis
These drugs are used to lighten hyperpigmented patches on the skin by interfering with melanocyte proliferation and activity in the skin.
keratolytic
anti seborrheic
melanizing agent
demelanizing agent
sunscreen
topical steroids
melanizing agent
substances that protect the skin against the harmful effects of ultraviolet rays brought about by exposure to sunlight. The efficacy of sunscreen preparations is usually measured by its SPF or sun-protection factor.
They are an important component of a comprehensive sun protection approach along with minimizing sun exposure and using photoprotective gear.
keratolytic
anti seborrheic
melanizing agent
demelanizing agent
sunscreen
topical steroids
sunscreen
absorb and scatter UV light responsible for sunburn and phototoxicity while allowing longer wavelengths to penetrate and do not inhibit tanning.
physical sunscreen
chemical sunscreen
chemical sunscreen
stop and scatter all forms of light (UV and visible light) and withhold longer wavelengths involved in photoallergy hence preventing both sunburns and tanning.
chemical sunscreen
physical sunscreen
physical sunscreen
comprise natural and synthetic compounds that exhibit vitamin A–like biological activity or bind to nuclear receptors for retinoids. It exerts their effects on gene expression by activating two families of receptors, RARs and RXRs, which are members of the steroid receptor superfamily
Antimicrobials
Retinoids
Retinoids
- CHARACTERISTICS: It is a clear, viscous liquid.
- INDICATION: It induces bowel evacuation when given as an anal suppository, and also acts as an emollient when applied to dry or cracked lips and skin, and is also used to reduce intraocular/intracranial pressure when given via oral or intravenous route.
- S/E: It can cause skin drying, irritation and may cause hypersensitivity reactions.
Glycyrrhiza
Methylcellulose
Propylene Glycol
Glycerine
Glycerine
- CHARACTERISTICS: It is a synthetic cellulose derivative.
- INDICATION: It is used as a bulk laxative, in nose drops and contact lens solutions
- S/E : It causes allergic reaction, like rash, hives, itching redness, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin with or without fever; wheezing and tightness in the chest or throat.
Glycyrrhiza
Methylcellulose
Propylene Glycol
Glycerine
Methylcellulose
- CHARACTERISTICS: clear viscous liquid, miscible in water and in oils.
- INDICATIONS: It is used in cosmetics and as occlusive dressing in cases of icthyosis, psoriasis, plantar and palmar keratoderma, and hypertrophic lichen planus.
- SIDE EFFECTS: It may act as an irritant in some patients and may cause contact dermatitis.
Glycyrrhiza
Methylcellulose
Propylene Glycol
Glycerine
Propylene Glycol
- CHARACTERISTICS: It is a sweet-tasting root or liquorice.
- INDICATIONS: It is used in cough lozenges to soothe the throat.
- SIDE EFFECTS: steroid-like salt-retaining action
Glycyrrhiza
Methylcellulose
Propylene Glycol
Glycerine
Glycyrrhiza
- CHARACTERISTICS: It is high in fatty acids, thick in consistency and tends to form a protective barrier over the skin to hold in moisture and fluid content.
- INDICATIONS:It is commonly used tosmooth scars, wrinkles, chapped lips, cracked, dry skin, eczema, dermatitis and other skin marks.
- SIDE EFFECTS:It is used incaution for persons prone to acne as it may clog pores producing more comedones.
Olive oil
Arachis oil
Sesame oil
Cocoa butter
Paraffin
Wool fat
Beeswax
Cocoa butter
- CHARACTERISTICS: It is rich in mono- and polyunsaturated fats and contains vitamin E, which can help protect skin cells from the damage caused by environmental factors, such as UV rays, pollution, and toxins, and several phenolic compounds, which give it its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
- INDICATIONS:It is generally used as an antiseptic agent to fight acne-causing bacteria and as a natural sunscreen due to its high level of vitamin E
- SIDE EFFECTS: It may cause allergic reaction into the skin manifested as redness, swelling and localized erythema.
Olive oil
Arachis oil
Sesame oil
Cocoa butter
Paraffin
Wool fat
Beeswax
Sesame oil
- CHARACTERISTICS: purified peanut oil which is often used as a moisturizer for the skin. It is also used in the form of an enema and also acts by lubricating and softening the faces and promoting bowel movement.
- INDICATIONS: It is directly applied in the skin for joint pain, dry skin, eczema, and other skin conditions.
- SIDE EFFECTS: It is generally proven safe however it may cause an oily appearance of the face as it slows down water and oil loss.
Olive oil
Arachis oil
Sesame oil
Cocoa butter
Paraffin
Wool fat
Beeswax
Arachis oil
