4c slides

Question 1

what is a peptidoglycan

Answer 1

a polymer in bacterial cell walls consisting of sugars cross-linked by short polypeptides

Question 2

is a nuclear envelope present in bacteria, archaea, and eukarya

Answer 2

-absent
-absent
-present

Question 3

is membrane-enclosed organelles present in bacteria, archaea, and eukarya

Answer 3

-absent
-absent
-present

Question 4

is peptidoglycan in cell wall present in bacteria, archaea, and eukarya

Answer 4

-present
-absent
-absent

Question 5

how are membrane lipids branched in bacteria, archaea, and eukarya

Answer 5

-unbranched hydrocarbons
-some branched hydrocarbons
-unbranched hydrocarbons

Question 6

amino acid that imitates protein synthesis in bacteria, archaea, and eukarya

Answer 6

formlymethionine
-methionine
-methionine

Question 7

are histones present in bacteria, archaea, and eukarya

Answer 7

-absent
-present in some species
-present

Question 8

chromosome shape in bacteria, archaea, and eukarya

Answer 8

-single, circular chromosome
-single circular chromosome and some species also have linear chromosomes
-linear chromosomes

Question 9

what type of lifestyle do archaea live

Answer 9

extreme lifestyles and methanogenesis, they can survive extreme temps and extreme salinities

Question 10

halo is

Answer 10

salt

Question 11

thermo is

Answer 11

heat

Question 12

longest part of the life cycle for a cell

Answer 12

interphase; up to 90% of life cycle

Question 13

what is cell doing during interphase

Answer 13

its particular function

Question 14

what are duplicated during interphase

Answer 14

chromosomes; replication

Question 15

interphase

Answer 15

the cell grows; in preparation for cell division, the chromosome are duplicated with the genetic material (DNA) copied precisely

Question 16

what process occurs in mitosis

Answer 16

process of nuclear (nucleus) division in eukaryotic cellsm

Question 17

mitosis

Answer 17

the chromosome copies are separated from each other and moved to opposite ends of the cell

Question 18

what organelle divides during cytokinesis, what does it form

Answer 18

division of cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells immediately after mitosis

Question 19

cytokinesis

Answer 19

the cell divides into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to the parent cell

Question 20

is the cell diploid or haploid before s phase of interphase

Answer 20

diploid

Question 21

what does interphase invlude

Answer 21

cell growth and copying of chromosomes in preperation of cell division.

Question 22

what are the subphases of interphase

Answer 22

G1 (gap 1), s (synthesis), G2

Question 23

G1 phase =

Answer 23

metabolic activity and growth

Question 24

s phase

Answer 24

metabolic activity, growth, and DNA synthesis

Question 25

G2 phase

Answer 25

metabolic activity, growth, and preparation for cell division

Question 26

what is the only phase of interphase chromosomes are duplicated

Answer 26

S phase

Question 27

what consist of the mitotic (M) phase

Answer 27

mitosis and cytokinesis

Question 28

what is the continuit of life based on

Answer 28

the reproduction of cells or cell division

Question 29

what is cell division an integral part of

Answer 29

the cell cycle

Question 30

cell cycyle

Answer 30

the life of a cell from formation to its own division

Question 31

in unicellular organisms, division of one cell reproduces the ______ ___________

Answer 31

entire organism

Question 32

what do multicellular organisms depend on cell division for

Answer 32

growth and repair

Question 33

cell division is an integral part of the

Answer 33

cell cycle

Question 34

what gives rise to new blood cells

Answer 34

dividing bone marrow cells

Question 35

mitosis

Answer 35

cell division that results in diploid daughter cells with identical DNA

Question 36

meiosis

Answer 36

a special type of division that produces haploid non-identical daughter cells (gametes)

Question 37

diploid

Answer 37

cell containing 2 sets of chromosomes, one set from each parent

Question 38

haploid

Answer 38

cell containing one set of chromosomes

Question 39

gametes

Answer 39

haploid reproductive cell such as an egg or sperm

Question 40

when do gametes unite and what does it produce

Answer 40

unites during sexual reproduction to produce diploid zygote

Question 41

haploid has ____ copy of each chromosome

Answer 41

one

Question 42

what type of cells are gametes

Answer 42

haploid

Question 43

what type of cell are diploids

Answer 43

somatic cells

Question 44

what does all the DNA in a cell constitute

Answer 44

the cell's genome

Question 45

DNA molecules in a cell are packaged into what

Answer 45

chromosomes

Question 46

chromosome

Answer 46

a structure consiting of 1 DNA molceule and associated proteins (histone)

Question 47

what type of structure do histone proteins give chromosomes

Answer 47

condesned

Question 48

genome

Answer 48

all of the genetic material in an organism

Question 49

most prokaryote structure

Answer 49

-double-stranded, circular DNA molecule associated with a small amount of protein

Question 50

eukaryote structure

Answer 50

linear DNA molecules associated with a large amount of protein (histones)

Question 51

what is a histone

Answer 51

a protein that provides structural support for a chromosome

Question 52

in the eukaryotic cell, DNA is precisely combined with proteins in a complex called

Answer 52

chromatin

Question 53

what do chromosomes fit into

Answer 53

the nucleus through an elaborate, multilevel system of packing

Question 54

what are proteins called histones responsible for

Answer 54

first level of packing in chromatin

Question 55

chromatid

Answer 55

one half of a duplicated chromosome.

Question 56

what surface charge does DNA have

Answer 56

negative

Question 57

what charge do histones have, what are they rich in

Answer 57

positive, rich in basic amino acids

Question 58

what is chromatin primarily composed of

Answer 58

DNA and proteins

Question 59

how many chromsoomes do human somatic cells contain

Answer 59

46 chromosomes made of 2 sets of 23 from each parents

Question 60

gametes have how many chromosomes

Answer 60

one set of 23 chromosomes

Question 61

euchromatin

Answer 61

loosely packed chromatin

Question 62

karyotype

Answer 62

a constructed array of chromosomes in an organism