7a slides

Question 1

what is the endosymbiont theory

Answer 1

-prokaryote engulfed other prokaryotes
-gave rise to animal/fungi lineage and plant/algae lineage

Question 2

why do prokaryotes and eukaryotes regulate gene expression

Answer 2

in response to cellular and environmental cues

Question 3

in multicellular eukaryotes what does gene expression regulate

Answer 3

development and is responsible for differentiation of cell types

Question 4

what is phenotype product of

Answer 4

inherited genotype and many environmental infleunces

Question 5

genetic variation

Answer 5

differences in composition of genes between individuals

Question 6

phenotype

Answer 6

observable physical and physiological traits of an orgabism which are determined by its genetic makeup

Question 7

genotype

Answer 7

genetic makeup or set of alleles of an organism

Question 8

what makes evolution possible

Answer 8

genetic variation

Question 9

why is genetic vriation within a population a prerequisite for evolution

Answer 9

within a population genetic idfferences among indiduals provde the raw material on which natural selection and other mechanismsi can act. Without such differences, traits could not change oer time- and hence the population could not evolve

Question 10

what are two ways new genes and alleles can arise

Answer 10

mutation or gene diplication

Question 11

how cna sexual reproduction add to the genetic variation among individuals

Answer 11

by recombiing existing alleles

Question 12

which mutations are passed to offspring

Answer 12

mutations occurring in gametes

Question 13

what can extend genome length

Answer 13

duplication of genes de to errors in meiosis

Question 14

true or false

duplicated genes can take on new functions by further mutation

Answer 14

true

Question 15

in organisms that reproduce sexually how does most genetic variation result

Answer 15

recombination of alleles

Question 16

three mechanisms that can shiffle exisiting alleles into new combinations through three mechanisms

Answer 16

crossing over
-independent assortment
-random fertilization

Question 17

average mutation rate in plants and animals is what

Answer 17

1 mutation in every 100,000 genes per generation

Question 18

are mutation rates fast in eukaryotes or prokaryotes

Answer 18

eukaryotes

Question 19

what allows prokaryotes to allow mutations to accumulate rapidle

Answer 19

short generation tmes

Question 20

evolution

Answer 20

process by which species accumulate differences from their ancestors as they adapt to different environments over time

Question 21

microevoltuion

Answer 21

evoltion at its finest level, is the change in allele frequencesies in a population over generations

Question 22

macroevolution

Answer 22

evolutionry change above the species level
-origin of a new group of organisms through a series of speciation events
-impact of mass extinctons on the diversity of life and its subsequent recovery

Question 23

population

Answer 23

group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area and interreed, producing fertile offspring

Question 24

what is the only thing that evolves

Answer 24

populations

Question 25

what is evolution at its finest level

Answer 25

chnage in allele frequencesies in a population over genrations

Question 26

three main mechnsism tat cause allele frequency change are

Answer 26

-natural selection -genetic drift -gene flow

Question 27

what is the only thing taht causes adaptive evolution

Answer 27

natural selection

Question 28

adaptive evolution

Answer 28

a process in which traits that enhance surivial or reproduction tend to increase in frequency over time, resulting in a better match between organisms and their environment

Question 29

natural selection

Answer 29

process in whihc individuals that have certain ingerited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher artes than other indivuals because of those triats

Question 30

genetic drift

Answer 30

process in which change events cause unpredictable fluntuations in allele frequencies from one genration to the next

Question 31

gene flow

Answer 31

transfer of alleles from one population to another, resulting from movemnet of fertile individuals or their gametes