Module 2E

Question 1

nucleic acids

Answer 1

macromolecules composed of polymers called polynucleotides

Question 2

what is each polynucleotide made of

Answer 2

monomers called nucleotides

Question 3

examples of nucleic acids

Answer 3

DNA and RNA

Question 4

nucleotides

Answer 4

building blocks of polynucleotides consisting of a 5 carbon sugar, a nitrogen-containing base, and one to three phosphate groups

Question 5

what is the structures of double stranded DNA or single stranded RNA is dependent on

Answer 5

hydrogen bonding that forms base pairs

Question 6

trasnfer RNA

Answer 6

transport amino acids from cytoplasm to ribosome

Question 7

does trasnfer RNA contain double helix

Answer 7

no

Question 8

what does deoxy mean

Answer 8

lacking oxygen

Question 9

phosphodiester bond

Answer 9

covalent link between phosphate group and sugars of two nucleotides

Question 10

what is the major difference between RNA and DNA

Answer 10

hydroxyl group on 2 prime carbon in RNA and Uracil instead of Thymine

Question 11

how do double helix, the two backbones run

Answer 11

in opposite 5’->3’ directions from each other (anti parallel)

Question 12

A binds to

Answer 12

T (uracil)

Question 13

C binds to

Answer 13

G

Question 14

gene

Answer 14

amino acid sequence of polypeptides by a unit of inheritance

Question 15

mRNA

Answer 15

single-stranded molecule of RNA that corresponds to the genetic sequence of a gene and is read by ribosomes in the process of synthesizing a protein

Question 16

who reported DNA composition in 1950

Answer 16

Erwin Chargaff

Question 17

who produced a pcitrue of the DNA molceule using x-ray crytallography

Answer 17

Rosalin Franklin

Question 18

X-ray crystallography

Answer 18

determines molecular structure of a crystal by hitting the crystal with x-rays and seeing how the x-rays diffract

Question 19

what did James watson do

Answer 19

built a model in which the backbones were antiparallel

Question 20

Is DNA uniformed in width

Answer 20

yes, purine and pyrimidine widths is consistent with X-ray data

Question 21

what helps stabilize DNA

Answer 21

short distance between bases

Question 22

DNA is how narrow and how long

Answer 22

very and very

Question 23

what is DNA in eukaryotes wrapped around in and what does it form

Answer 23

wrapped around histone proteins to form condensed chromosomes

Question 24

who was the first black women to earn a PhD in chemistry in the US in 1947

Answer 24

Dr. Daly

Question 25

semiconservative model

Answer 25

Replication predicts that each daughter molecule will have one old strand (conserved from the parent molecule) and one newly made strand

Question 26

helicase

Answer 26

opens up the double strand

Question 27

DNA polymerase

Answer 27

catalyzes synthesis of new DNA at a replication fork

Question 28

leading/lagging strands

Answer 28

are new complimentary strand (5'->3')

Question 29

what does "ase" at the end of a word indicate

Answer 29

enzyme

Question 30

what are RNA primers used for

Answer 30

to initiate the synthesis. of both the leading and lagging strands

Question 31

what does DNA ligase do

Answer 31

removes primers and seals the DNA together

Question 32

mutations are a source of

Answer 32

genetic variation upon which natural selection operates and are ultimately responsible for the appearance of new species