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Anatomy & Physiology > 5. Respiratory System > Flashcards

5. Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Treatments for:

  • Acidosis/alkalosis
  • Bronchoconstriction
  • Impaired gas Exchange
A
  • Resp Rate control
  • bronchodilators/corticosteroids
  • Mucolytics
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2
Q

4 Processes of Respiration

A
  1. Pulmonary Ventilation (breathing)
  2. External (pulmonary) respiration
  3. Respiratory Gas Transport (w/ assistance of CVS)
  4. Internal (tissue) respiration
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3
Q

The 2 Structural Zones:

⬆️ Respiratory System
vs.
⬇️ Respiratory System

A

Nose ➡️ Layrnx

Trachea ➡️ Alveoli

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4
Q

2 zones of the functional components of the respiratory system

A
  1. Conducting zone (movement of air: nose ➡️ bronchial tubes)
  2. Respiratory Zone (gas exchange: bronchioles ➡️ alveoli)
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5
Q

Boney framework of the nose

A

Frontal, nasal and maxillary bones

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6
Q

Nasal Conchae

A
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7
Q

4 sinuses of the nasal area

A
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8
Q

Regions of the pharynx

A

Nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx

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9
Q

What is the thyroid cartilage

A

“Adam’s Apple”

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10
Q

Vestibular Fold

A

False vocal cord

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11
Q

Vocal Fold

A

True vocal cord

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12
Q

Carina

A

The junction where bronchi branch

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13
Q

Branching of Bronchial Tree

A 
Trachea
⬇️
main (primary) bronchi
⬇️
lobar (secondary) bronchi
⬇️
segmental (tertiary) bronchi
⬇️
bronchioles
⬇️
terminal bronchioles
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14
Q

Alveolar Macrophages

A

(Dust cell) Large cells that clean up debris

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15
Q

Type I Alveolar Cell

A

Simple squamous cells that line the alveoli cells

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16
Q

Type II Alveolar (septal) Cell

A

Secretes surfactant, lubricant

17
Q

2 basic parts of mucociliary escalator

A
  1. Mucas-producing goblet cells

2. The pseudostratified ciliated epithelium

18
Q

Pulmonary Ventilation

A

Inhalation & exhalation via pressure difference

Boyle’s Law

19
Q

Other factors affecting pulmonary ventilation

A
  • Surface tension: inwardly directed force in the alveoli which must be overcome to expand the lungs during each inspiration
  • elastic recoil: decreases the size of the alveoli during expiration
  • compliance: ease with which the lungs and thoracic walk can be expanded
20
Q

Lung Compliance

A

“Stretchability.” Depends on relative proportions of collagen and elastin

21
Q

CO ₂ + H ₂ O =

A

H ₂ CO ₃ (carbonic acid)
⬇️
(H+) + (HCO ₃-)

22
Q

Factors affecting the affinity of Hb and O ₂

A
  • pH
  • Temperature
  • pCO ₂
23
Q

Hyoercapnia

A

⬆️ CO ₂

24
Q

Most powerful respiratory stimulant

A

Rising CO ₂ levels

Anatomy & Physiology (13 decks)

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