5) The Respiratory System

Question 1

what is energy measured in

Answer 1

Kj ( kilojoules )

Question 2

how much energy will a child use in a day

Answer 2

a lot of energy because they are doing a lot of physical activities and they move around a lot.

Question 3

how much energy will a working adult use in a day

Answer 3

depending on the job, they will usually use more energy than a child. if they have a desk job, they wont move a lot, and will use less energy than a child, but if they are a personal trainer, they will use more energy

Question 4

how much energy will an old person use in a day

Answer 4

very little energy, because they don’t move as much and they are not able to move as much

Question 5

how does gaseous exchange happen

Answer 5

by diffusion across a moist cell membrane

Question 6

what does it mean when the gasses are in the solution

Answer 6

it means that the gasses have been dissolved in the liquid, the gas is the solute, and the liquid is the solvent

Question 7

what do organisms need for effective gaseous exchange

Answer 7

a moist surface / membrane 
a thin surface
a large surfacce
transport medium for the gasses 
the gaseous exchange surface and the transport medium must be as close together as possible

Question 8

what is the chemical equation for gaseous exchange

Answer 8

oxygen + glucose —> carbon dioxide + water + energy

Question 9

what is breathing

Answer 9

the physical process involving muscles. air is drawn into and expelled from the lungs

Question 10

what is inhalation

Answer 10

the movement of air into the lungs

Question 11

what is expiration

Answer 11

the movement/expulsion of carbon dioxide from the lungs

Question 12

what is respiration

Answer 12

the intake of oxygen and the elimination of carbon dioxide

Question 13

what is gaseous exchange

Answer 13

the exchange/ movement of gases across a surface. ie. thin, moist membrane

Question 14

what are the parts of the respiratory system

Answer 14

nostril/ mouth 
cilia
larynx
trachea
C-shaped cartilage rings in trachea
bronchus
bronchioles
lung
alveolus 
pleural membrane
pleural space 
ribcage
intercostal muscle
diaphragm

Question 15

what is the function of the nostril

Answer 15

let air into you lungs . warms air and traps dust/foreign particles before they enter the lungs

Question 16

what is the function of the cilia

Answer 16

traps foreign particles before they enter the lungs

Question 17

what is the function of the larynx

Answer 17

it is the voice box. it holds the vocal folds

Question 18

what is the function of the trachea

Answer 18

to connect the mouth/nose to the bronchi
traps dust/foreign particles
it contains the C-shaped cartilage rings

Question 19

what is the function of the C-shaped cartilage rings

Answer 19

they keep the trachea open for air to go through, but also allows part of the trachea to stay loose for when you are eating

Question 20

what is the function of the bronchus

Answer 20

joins the trachea to bronchioles
tube that enters the lungs
contains C-shaped cartilage rings

Question 21

what is the function of the bronchioles

Answer 21

smaller tubes in the lungs

carry air to alveoli

Question 22

what is the function of the lung

Answer 22

spongy, elastic sac lined with mucous, where gaseous exchange occurs

Question 23

what is the function of the alveolus

Answer 23

the membrane that is tgin, large and moist in the lung were gaseous exchange occurs . to increase surface area for maximum and efficient gaseous exchange

Question 24

what is the function of the pleural membrane

Answer 24

the casing of the lung

Question 25

what is the function of the pleural space/cavity

Answer 25

contains pleural fluid which prevents friction and acts as a shock absorber

Question 26

what is the function of the ribcage

Answer 26

protects the lungs

Question 27

what is the function of the intercostal muscle

Answer 27

assists in breathing ( muscle between ribs )

Question 28

what is the function of the diaphragm

Answer 28

assist in breathing - moves up and down for inspiration and up for expiration

Question 29

where does the air move to once it has entered through the nose/ mouth

Answer 29

it goes through the trachea, to the left and right bronchus, and then ti the bronchioles in the left and right lung

Question 30

what are the components of the alveolar sacs

Answer 30

alveolar space alveolar membrane capillaries

Question 31

what is the process of gaseous exchange

Answer 31

deoxygenated blood come from the heart and through the capillaries. the red blood cells are in blood plasma with a high concentration of carbon dioxide. the oxygen from the capillaries diffuses into the deoxygenated red blood cells. the carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood plasma and into the capillaries to be breathed out. the oxygenated blood moves back to the heart.

Question 32

what protein do red blood cells carry

Answer 32

haemoglobin- carries oxygen

Question 33

what gives the red blood cells their colour

Answer 33

the haemoglobin

Question 34

what happens when oxygen joins onto the haemoglobin

Answer 34

it forms oxyhaemoglobin

Question 35

what is the function of the fluid between the pleural membrane

Answer 35

it acts as a shock absorber and it prevents the sides of the membrane from sticking to each other

Question 36

what are the muscles involved with breathing

Answer 36

the intercostal muscle and the diaphragm

Question 37

where is the intercostal muscle

Answer 37

between ribs

Question 38

where is the diaphragm

Answer 38

under the lungs

Question 39

what happens during inspiration

Answer 39

the diaphragm flattens. rib elevation increases the volume of the thoracic cavity and air moves into the lungs.

Question 40

what happens during expiration

Answer 40

the diaphragm and ribs return to normal position, decreasing the volume of the lungs and pushing the air out

Question 41

what happens when the pressure in the lungs increases

Answer 41

the air moves out

Question 42

what happens when the pressure in the lungs is decreased

Answer 42

the air moves in

Question 43

if the pressure in the lungs increases the the volume of the lungs...

Answer 43

decreases

Question 44

if the pressure in the lungs decreases the the volume of the lungs...

Answer 44

increases

Question 45

what is respiration

Answer 45

a process which provides living organisms with energy

Question 46

why do we respire

Answer 46

to produce energy, cells must respire.

Question 47

what is the primary type of resiration

Answer 47

aerobic respiration

Question 48

what is the chemical formula for aerobic respiration

Answer 48

gucose+ oxygen ----> carbon dioxide + water + energy

Question 49

what happens when there is a lack of oxygen

Answer 49

cells will anaerobically respire. only half the energy is produced and lactic acid tires the muscles

Question 50

what is the chemical formula for anaerobic respiration

Answer 50

glucose---> lactic acid + energy

Question 51

what does anaerobic respiration cause

Answer 51

oxygen debt

Question 52

what is oxygen debt

Answer 52

it is when there is a build up in lactic acid after you have finished exercising. you have to pay back the debts by breathing in enough oxygen

Question 53

why do you yawn

Answer 53

when you are sleepy, your lungs don't take in enough oxygen. we are oxygen deprived and when our brain senses that, it send a message that cause you to take a long and deep breath

Question 54

why do you sneeze

Answer 54

it is the body's way of removing impurities. when there is an irritation in the mucous membrane, you sneeze.

Question 55

what causes hiccups

Answer 55

it is an irritation in the diaphragm

Question 56

what are the organs affected by smoking

Answer 56

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