Terminology Flashcards
(123 cards)
1
Q
Photosynthesis
A
CO2 + H2O+ radiant energy -> C6H12O6 + O2
2
Q
Organ
A
A group of tissue performing a specific function.
3
Q
Cytoplasm
A
Contains the cells organelles
4
Q
Tonoplast
A
the membrane surrounding the vacuole.
5
Q
Replication
A
DNA makes an exact copy of itself.
6
Q
Nucleus
A
The organelle that contains hereditary information. The organelle that controls cellular activity
7
Q
Cellular respiration
A
C6H12O2 + O2 -> CO2 + H2O + ATP energy
The chemical reaction responsible for releasing energy
8
Q
Leucoplast
A
The storage organelle for food in plant cell
9
Q
Ribosomes
A
An organelle responsible for protein synthesis.
10
Q
Semi/selectively -permeable membrane
A
A membrane which only allows certain substances through.
11
Q
Cell wall
A
Provides strength to the plant cells. The non-living portion of the cell.
12
Q
Tissue
A
A group of similar cells working together.
13
Q
Mitochondrion
A
The ‘power house’ of the cell
14
Q
Multicellular
A
An organism consisting of many different cells.
15
Q
Vacuole
A
A storage area for water and dissolved salts and nutrients.
16
Q
Chloroplast
A
The organelle responsible for photosynthesis.
17
Q
Mitosis
A
Two identical daughter cells are formed from a single cell.
18
Q
Unicellular
A
A single cell can survive on its own. Some examples of unicellular organisms are prokaryotes or bacteria. These are cells represent the simplest form of life
19
Q
Micrograph
A
A photograph of a structure through a microscope.
20
Q
Cell
A
The smallest unit of life
21
Q
Eukaryotic
A
A cell with a true nucleus
22
Q
Cyclosis
A
The movement of cytoplasm around the cell.
23
Q
Turgid
A
The state a cell is in when the vacuole is full of water.
24
Q
Lignin
A
The substance that ensures the cell wall is waterproof.
25
Pits
Thinned area of cells walls for communication between cells.
26
Transmission electron microscope
The microscope that shows us the inside of the cell in 2D
27
System
A set of organs that work together to perform a common function.
28
Flaccid
The state the cell is in when the vacuole lacks water.
29
Plasmodesmata
Channels in cell wall where cytoplasmic strands go through from one cell to the next.
30
Cellulose
The substance that is indigestible by humans but strengthens the cell wall of plant cells.
31
Chromoplast
The plastid that gives colour to petals and fruits
32
Middle Pamela
The cement that holds two plant cells together.
33
Scanning electron microscope
The microscope that shows you the outside of the cell in 3D.
34
Protoplasm
part of the cell that includes the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane
35
Organism
A set of cell, tissue, organs and systems that work together to give and sustain life.
36
Cell membrane
The structure that is semi-permeable and that protects a cell.
37
DNA
Formed by chromosomes
38
Zygote
The result of the fusion of a sperm and an egg cell.
39
Concentration gradient
The difference between a high and low concentration of molecules.
40
Osmosis
The movement of water particles, across a semi-permeable membrane, from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration
41
Hypotonic solution
A solution with a low number of solute particles.
42
Osmoregulation/ homeostasis
Maintaining the correct water balance in the body
43
Isotonic solution
A solution of equal concentrations on either side of the membrane.
44
Passive transport/ facilitated diffusion
Cellular transport which does not require energy
45
Solution
The mixture of a solute and a solvent
46
Active transport
Cellular transport which requires energy
47
Water potential/concentration
The amount of water a solution contains
48
Hypertonic solution
A solution with a high number of solute particles
49
Universal indicator
The liquid that dissolves substances
50
Facilitated transport
Transport of molecules across a membrane with the help of proteins
51
Solute
A substance that dissolves in a liquid
52
Diffusion
The random movement of particles until equilibrium is reached
53
Kidney
The organ which ensures that the blood is an isotonic solution.
54
Digestion
The mechanical and chemical breaking down of food. The mechanical and chemical breakdown of solid food particles into water soluble molecules that can be absorbed by the bloodstream.
55
Salivary amylase
The enzyme that is found in saliva. Amylase break down amylose/ starch
56
Chewing/ peristalsis/ churning
Mechanical digestion
57
Goblet
The cell that produces mucous in the stomach
58
Peristalsis
Contraction and relaxation of the muscle which propagates in a wave down the muscular tube
59
Anus
The structure that releases faeces
60
Provide energy
The main function of fats and oils
61
Bile
The substances that emulsifiers fats
62
Epiglottis
The flap that covers the trachea when swallowing
63
Duodenunum
The first part of the small intestine
64
Gal bladder
The organ that stores bile
65
Gastric glands
The gland in the stomach that secretes acid and enzymes.
66
Assimilation
The movement of soluble food particles from the bloodstream into the cells and tissues of the body, wherever it is required
67
Villi/ micro villi
The structure that increases the surface area for maximum absorption of nutrients.
68
Autotrophic/ green plants
An organism that makes its own food
69
Lacteal
The structure that absorbs excess fats from the small intestine
70
Build and repair
The main function of proteins
71
Lumen
The channel in which the digested food nutrients travel into the small intestine
72
Amino acids
The smallest unit of proteins
73
Egestion/ defaecation
The removal of undigested waste products from the body- faeces
74
Cellulose
A substance required by humans which is indigestible but important for the digestive system
75
Chyme
The substance that enters the small intestines from the stomach
76
Ingestion
The physical intake of food
77
Liver
The organ that produces bile. The largest gland in the body
78
Colon
Another term for large intestine
79
Fatty acids
The smallest unit of lipids
80
Absorption
The movement of soluble food particles from the small intestine into the bloodstream
81
Heterotrophic
An organism that cannot make its own for
82
Glucose
The smallest unit of carbohydrates
83
Clenched fist
The size of the human heart
84
Atria
Top chambers of the heart
85
Ventricles
Bottom chambers of the heart
86
Atrium
The heart chamber that is thin- walled
87
Ventricle ( left )
The heart chamber that has the thickest wall
88
Bicuspid/mitral
The name of the valve with two flaps
89
Tricuspid
The name of the valve with three flaps
90
Aorta semilunar valve
The name of the valve in he aorta
91
Pulmonary semilunar valve
The name of the valve in the pulmonary artery
92
Septum
The wall that divides the right and left hand sides of the heart
93
Coronary artery
Arteries that supply the heart with blood
94
Cardiac arrest
Another term for heart attack
95
Athersclorosis
Collection of fat, cholesterol in walls of arteries.
96
Pulmonary
The circulation system that takes blood to the lungs and back
97
Systemic
The circulation system that takes blood to the body cells and back
98
Blood vessel
The tubes/ ducts that carry blood
99
Closed blood system
The blood does not leave the vessels
100
Veins
Vessels that carry blood to the heart
101
Arteries
Vessels that carry blood away from the heart
102
Capillaries
vessels that are only one cell thick
103
Red blood cells/ erythrocytes
Blood cells that contain haemoglobin
104
Haemoglobin
The substance that carries oxygen around the body
105
Plasma
The liquid component of blood
106
Leukocyte
White blood cells
107
Platelets/ thrombocytes
Blood cell fragment involved in clotting
108
Transfusion
Giving one persons blood to another person
109
Temporal
The lobe of the brain found near the temples
110
Occipital
The lobe of the brain responsible for vision
111
Pituatary
The section of the brain that releases hormones
112
Cerebellum
The area of the brain that controls movement and balance.
113
Frontal
The front section of the brain
114
Cornea
The clear, thin layer covering the front of the eye.
115
Pupil
The structure in the eye that allows light to enter.
116
Sclerotic layer
A protective layer that surrounds the eye and helps it to maintain shape.
117
Vitreous humour
The jelly that maintains the shape of the eye
118
Retina
The layer of the eye that contains the light-sensitive cells
119
Cell membrane
A membrane which only allows certain substances through
120
Yellow spot
The section of the eye that contains colour-sensitive cells
121
Optic nerve
The nerve that joins the eye o the brain
122
Iris
The components of the eye that gives it its colour
123
Lens
Jelly-like Windows that helps focus an image on the back of the eye
