5.10 Classifying neoplasms

Question 1

Neoplasms are composed of

Answer 1

proliferating neoplastic cells but also contain non-neoplastic supportive stroma of connective tissue and blood vessels

Question 2

neoplasms need

Answer 2

blood supply and supporting elements and they induce those, that is normal

Question 3

neoplastic component

Answer 3

malignant proliferating cells

Question 4

tumors are named according to

Answer 4

the neoplastic component

Question 5

benign tumors are often designated by the suffix

Answer 5

“oma” (but does not always apply)

Question 6

benign fibroblast tumor

Answer 6

fibroma

Question 7

first part of benign tumor name tells you about

Answer 7

the tissue

Question 8

fat benign tumor

Answer 8

lipoma

Question 9

smooth muscle benign tumor

Answer 9

leiomyoma

Question 10

skeletal muscle benign tumor

Answer 10

rhabdomyoma

Question 11

fibrous tissue benign tumor

Answer 11

fibroma

Question 12

blood vessel benign tumor

Answer 12

hemangioma

Question 13

cartilage benign tissue

Answer 13

chondroma

Question 14

benign epithelial tumors

Answer 14

adenoma, cystadenoma

Question 15

adenoma

Answer 15

benign neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium

Question 16

cystadenoma

Answer 16

adenoma with cystic or fluid-filled cavity - commonly seen in ovary

Question 17

papilloma

Answer 17

benign epithelial neoplasm producing microscopically or macroscopically visible finger-like or papillary projections

Question 18

transitional cell papilloma is seen in

Answer 18

the bladder, renal pelvis - see cauliflower looking lesion

Question 19

adenoma examples

Answer 19

bile duct adenoma, pituitary adenoma

Question 20

malignant neoplasms

Answer 20

sarcoma, carcinoma, lymphoma, leukemia, melanoma

Question 21

sarcoma

Answer 21

arising from mesenchymal tissue (fibrous tissue, bone)

Question 22

sarcoma examples

Answer 22

leiomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma

Question 23

carcinoma

Answer 23

arising from epithelial tissue - more common than sarcomas

Question 24

carcinoma examples

Answer 24

carcinoma of the_., adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma

Question 25

why do you see malignancies commonly in epithelial tissue

Answer 25

rapid rate of division

Question 26

When do you see rhabdosarcomas

Answer 26

this is cancer of the skeletal muscles and you see it mostly in children and small infants when the skeletal muscle is still dividing and froming; in adults its pretty much set.

Question 27

lymphoma

Answer 27

arising from lymphoid tissue

Question 28

leukemia

Answer 28

arising from blood or bone marrow elements

Question 29

melanoma

Answer 29

arising from melanocytes

Question 30

squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 30

derived from squamous epithelium

Question 31

adenocarcinoma

Answer 31

derived from glandular epithelium (looks like glands but doesn_t have to be derived from glands like from mucosal epithelium)

Question 32

specific carcinoma examples

Answer 32

ductal adenocarcinoma of the breast, squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx, transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder

Question 33

keratin pearls

Answer 33

morphological feater on HE where you see nests of squamous cells _..seen in the uterine wall in squamous cells carcinoma of the cervix

Question 34

two features you see in adenocarcinoma that help you identify breast cancer

Answer 34

desmoplastic reaction of connective tissue and microcalcifications - these two appear more electron dense in mammography

Question 35

are calcium deposits always indicative of breast cancer

Answer 35

no - but will aid in directing the biopsy needle to an area of adenocarcinoma if there is one

Question 36

exceptions to "oma" rule of benign tumors - aka malignant tumors ending in "oma"

Answer 36

lymphoma, hepatoma, seminoma, melanoma

Question 37

hepatoma is a term that has been replaced by

Answer 37

hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 38

where do you see benign hepatomas

Answer 38

females taking oral contraceptives

Question 39

seminoma

Answer 39

testicular malignant tumor

Question 40

some carcinomas or sarcomas are benign like

Answer 40

basal cell carcinoma of skin, cystosarcoma phyllodes of breast, well differentiated liposarcoma of skin

Question 41

most common cancer of the skin induced by the sun

Answer 41

basal cell carcinoma - curable by incision - will locally invade but hardly ever metastisizes (intermediate type I think)

Question 42

cystosarcoma phyllodes can be removed by

Answer 42

surgical incision

Question 43

Teratoma

Answer 43

monster growth - desmoid cyst of ovary with hair, eyeball, bone, neural tissue - cells from all three germ layers but sometimes can only tell that microscopacally

Question 44

hodgkin's disease

Answer 44

a form of lymphoma - curable so if you know its lymphoma always ask hodgkin's or nonhodgkin's

Question 45

Wilm's tumor

Answer 45

nephroblastoma

Question 46

blastoma refers to

Answer 46

childhood tumors

Question 47

glioblastoma

Answer 47

glial tumor in adults, most deadly form of brain cancer and most common