54-94

Question 1

how do bacteria reproduce

Answer 1

binary fission (bacteria are prokaryotes)

Question 2

how do bacteria adhere to a membrane

Answer 2

surface appendages allied pilli

Question 3

five major WBC; most numerous and least numerous

Answer 3

neutrophils are the most, basophils are the least numerous : (neutrophils, basophils, monocyte, lymphocyte, eosinophil)

Question 4

blastopore

Answer 4

the opening of the archenteron that can develop into a mouth or anus

Question 5

morula

Answer 5

A morula is an embryo at an early stage of embryonic development, consisting of cells in a solid ball contained within the zona pellucida

Question 6

blastocyst

Answer 6

structure in early development of mammals; has inner cell mass which subsequently forms the embryo

Question 7

corpus lutem

Answer 7

yellow, hormone secreting body in the female reproductive system. temp endocrine structure in female mammals

Question 8

oxygen in ponds and lakes

Answer 8

during the summer, the deeper waters are high in nutrients and the upper layers high in O2. in the fall and autumn the oxygenated water will turnover to the bottom and the nutrients will form at the top.

Question 9

gastrointertestinal hormones that inhibits many functions

Answer 9

somatostatin- suppresses the release of gastrin, secretin and cholecystokin

Question 10

three phases of the menstrual cycle

Answer 10

menstrual flow phase, proliferative phase, and secretory phase

Question 11

when does menstruation begin?

Answer 11

with the disintegration of the endometrium ( the inner lining of the uterus)

Question 12

Why does the endometrium thicken

Answer 12

in réponse to the estrogen levels during the proliferative phase and vascularization occurs.

Question 13

what happens during the secretory phase

Answer 13

the endometrium continues to thicken, arteries enlarge, and glands grow in response to progesterone and estrogens.

Question 14

ecological succession

Answer 14

involves an area in wi=hich communities replace each other in a predictable manner.

Question 15

secondary succession

Answer 15

process started by an event (forest fire, hurricane) that reduces the established ecosystem.

Question 16

primary succession

Answer 16

the gradual growth of an ecosystem over time

Question 17

archegonia

Answer 17

structure that contains the female gamete in certain plants such as bryophytes

Question 18

antheridia

Answer 18

where the male gametangia are located and represent the sperm producing structures

Question 19

archenteron

Answer 19

the primitive guy that forms during gastrulation in the developing embryo

Question 20

what’s the difference between cell-mediated immunity and humoral immunity

Answer 20

humoral acts against pathogens such as free viruses and bacteria and based on circulation of antibodies; CMI- works against pathogens that have entered body cells using T-Cells

Question 21

diapedesis

Answer 21

when WBC adhere to and pass through the endothelium of the blood vessels (involves nuetrophils, leukocytes and cytokines)

Question 22

which biome is below the tundra(located at the N pole)

Answer 22

taiga (snow forest) spines and spruces

Question 23

multiple allele

Answer 23

if more than two forms of alleles exist for a gene locus

Question 24

site of ribosome assembly

Answer 24

nucleoulous

Question 25

lipid synthesis site

Answer 25

in the smooth er in eukaryotes

Question 26

molecular complexes of cell adhesion proteins that are especially abundant in the surface later of skin an doter kinds of epithelia that are subjected to mechanical insults

Answer 26

desmosomes

Question 27

what will occur from stressing a bone

Answer 27

osteoblastic(bone-forming) activity will increase and calcium phosphate is released into the matrix (to strengthen the bone) the mineral hydroxyapetite is produced

Question 28

syndromes caused by nondisjunction

Answer 28

Edward syndrome (18); down syndrome (21) Klinefelter syndrome ( sex chromosomes)

Question 29

nonsteroidal hormones are derived from

Answer 29

amino acids, h20 soluble (norepinephrine and epinephrine)

Question 30

steroid hormones are derived from

Answer 30

cholesterol

Question 31

lumen

Answer 31

space inside a tube

Question 32

sphincters

Answer 32

rings of muscle in the wall of the esophagus stomach and other specialized regions

Question 33

submucosa

Answer 33

connective tissue with blood and lymph vessels along with nerve plexuses

Question 34

what are amylases secreted by

Answer 34

pancreas and salivary glands ; the salivary and pancreatic amylase break down carbohydrates

Question 35

mono cots and dicots are included in

Answer 35

angiosperms ; flowering plantsand divided into the monocots (narrow elves like grass) or dicots (broad leaves shrubs)

Question 36

undifferentiated cambium develops into

Answer 36

pholem and xylem

Question 37

function of xylem

Answer 37

transports h2o and mineralsup the stem

Question 38

functionof phloem

Answer 38

transports nutrients down the stem

Question 39

non-tracheophytes

Answer 39

plants lacking vascular tissue (simple plants)

Question 40

gymnosperms

Answer 40

non flowering plants red wood, pine juniper tree

Question 41

thylakoids

Answer 41

a series of disks stacked on each other that contain pigments needed for photosynthesis (occurs in the inner membrane of the chloroplast called the stroma)

Question 42

what controls gas exchange

Answer 42

stomata

Question 43

meristem

Answer 43

found in higher plants and represents undifferentiated cell types

Question 44

nucleoside contents

Answer 44

a sugar and base . ex- adenosine

Question 45

nucleotide contents

Answer 45

subar, base and phosphate

Question 46

transfers phosphoryl groups

Answer 46

kinase

Question 47

phosphatase

Answer 47

catalyzes the hydrolytic cleavage of a phosphate exeter bnod

Question 48

lyase

Answer 48

catalyzes the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N bonds by elimination

Question 49

hemoglobin

Answer 49

allosteric molecule, contains prosthetic group called heme, exists as a tetramer, binds CO with a much greater affinity than O2

Question 50

allosteric

Answer 50

contains more than one binding site

Question 51

platelets are derived form

Answer 51

megakaryocytes in the red marrow

Question 52

gibberellins

Answer 52

stem elongation and flowering in some plants are due to

Question 53

what stimulates fruit ripening

Answer 53

ethylene

Question 54

inhibitor of plant growth hormones

Answer 54

abscisic acid

Question 55

cytokinins

Answer 55

plant hormones involved with promoting cell division

Question 56

gluconeogenesis

Answer 56

non carbs such as fats and amino acid are made into clucose in the cytosol

Question 57

where does centriole separation occur

Answer 57

prophase

Question 58

anaphase

Answer 58

sister chromatid separation

Question 59

telophase

Answer 59

nucleus reappers

Question 60

when does cytokinesis occur

Answer 60

cytoplase separates, in the late anaphase or early telophase

Question 61

prophase

Answer 61

chromatids shorten and thicken , nucleoli disappears, spindle fibers form, centrioles of animal cells move to opposite ends