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DAT BIO > DAT 400-486 > Flashcards

DAT 400-486 Flashcards

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1
Q

three types of epithelial tissue

A

cuboidal, columnar, squamous (columnar in this particular problem 400)

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2
Q

enzyme of the pancreas

A

chymotrypsin and trypsin ; are proteases involved in protein digestion

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3
Q

enterokinase

A

converts trypsinogen (a zymogen) into its active form, trypsin

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4
Q

suitable vector for recominant DNA cloning can be

A

plasmids or bacteriophages

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5
Q

plasmid facts

A

extrachromosomal genetic elements found in teast and bacteria; circular and is sometimescalled vector DNA which is DS; some can be apart of the main chromosome and is called an episome; can be trans via viruses

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6
Q

pleiotrophy

A

a single gene somtimes affects many traits in an organism (PKU disease one gene results in: lighter hair color, lower iq, phenylaline in blood)

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7
Q

epistatic gene

A

one that covers ip the expression of another gene in the phenotype

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8
Q

which structure contians the hydrolytic enzymes needed to breakdown the protective surface of an egg cell

A

acrosome

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9
Q

tundra

A

vast, treeless regin that contains moss, lichen, frass and low lying shrubs , little rain , perafrost

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10
Q

exons

A

nucleoside base sequences in the genetic code that are transcribed into m-RNA and will eventually code for protiens

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11
Q

introns

A

TRANSCRIBED ; and they are removed , not translated

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12
Q

why would novocain prevent an action potential from occuring

A

blockage of Na+ voltage gated channels

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13
Q

pattern before during and after an action potential

A

polarization: inside negative with respect to outsie; depolarization: inside now becomes positive; repolarization: inside negative again

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14
Q

TL to primates

A

protobionts >prokaryotes>eukaryots>amphibians?reptiles>primates

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15
Q

operant conditioning

A

an animal learns to associated a voluntary a voluntary actiivity with the consequences taht follow “award or reinforcement”

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16
Q

classical or palovian conditioning

A

we see a physical response toa stimuls from teh enviorment (dog hears bell and recieve food or being to salivate)

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17
Q

oogenesis

A

produces one single egg ad 2 or 3 polar bodoes

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18
Q

spermatogenesis

A

produces 4 mature spermatozoa

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19
Q

organism lacks a notocord during development

A

an earthworm

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20
Q

notochord

A

derived from cell sof mesoderm, cartilaginous rode that extends from teh head to the tail in the embryo of all chordates

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21
Q

plant like protist

A

volvos

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22
Q

paramecium

A

unicelled protozoa

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23
Q

mold

A

fungi that can relase tiny spores into the air

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24
Q

amoeba

A

single celled protist that moves by pseudopodia

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25
dandelion
is a producer a flowering plant
26
arthopod characteristcs
cray fish or mini lobster L aquatic crustasean as it gorws it sheds its exoskeleton in a process called molting. bilat symm, open circulatory
27
true statements about the prostate gland
gland secretes a milky fluid with a ph>7, functions to neutralize the acidic seminal fluid, enhances sperm motility, prostatic fluid aids to neutralize the acidic vaginal secretions
28
ruminants
are mammals such as a cow in whcih the stomach has an alkaline pH, stomach that is divided into 4 interconnected sacs, such as sheep cows and deer can digest cellulose
29
what happens when you inspire
lungs inflate, thoracic pressrure decreases as te TC size increases, diaphram moves downward, phrenic nerves carry impulse to the diaphragm and allow contraction
30
histamine
vasodialator contained in basophils and mast cells
31
macrohpages produce
a cytokine called interleukin-1
32
t helper cells produce
a cytokine called interleukin-2
33
interleukins can activate
cutotoxic cells ,b cells and otehr helper t cells
34
helper t cells mobilize
both umoral and CM branches of the immune systen
35
rain shadow
represents a reductio of rainall o the leeward side of the high mountain.
36
punctuated equilibrium
evltion is concentrated in a very rapid events of creating a new species
37
development of indivudals from unferilized eggs
parthenogenesis; honey bees, prduce sometimes without fertilization
38
forangia are found
spore prudicng and spore containing reproductive structures of ferns, angiosperms, gymnosperms, algae, fungi, bryophytes. new swimming spores are released
39
spoils food
rhizopus stolonifer , an obligate parasite
40
evolutionary path to angiospers
bryophytes >gymnosperms ?angiosperms
41
shortest and longest stages off cell cycle
g1 is the longest, m is the shortest
42
killer t cell
involved in destroying cancer cells, directly kill cells having natigen on their surface, develop in thymus gland and do not realease antibodies, use protein perforin to luse their targets
43
specific targer for AIDS virus
helper T cells
44
inhibits peristalsis and acid secretion by the stomach
enterogastrone, relased in teh duodnem t
45
cholecystoknin causes
the cgall bladder to contract, and made in the duodnem
46
secretin signals
the pancreas to release bicarbonate (a buffer) which can neutralize the acidic chyme. made in the duodnem
47
whch second messenger will actiate Ca++ channels
IP3 is a second messenger tha twill activate CA++ release from the ER.
48
Cyclic AMP and GMP will activate
protein kinases
49
NO involved in
relaxing smooth muscle
50
involved in the degradation of cyclic AMP
phosphodiesterase
51
ATP to cyclic amp is catalyzed by
adenylate cyclase and integral membrane protein
52
features that alloe amphibians to succesfully invade land
lungs and legs, redesigned heart and the ability to develop a means to prevent drying of the skin
53
ligand gated channels are illustrated in
acetylcholine receptors
54
any gene that has the potential to induce cancerous transformations is called a
oncogene
55
behavior seen in mose animals
courtship
56
appeasement behavior
if 2 birds get close but neither bird attacks each other, both display gestures of appeasement. female can fly away but she return several times and the male may even feed her
57
self sacrificial behavior
members help other indivuduals survive and reproduce at personal cost
58
agonistic behavior
may or may not resultin phsical combat , ex: stands on its legs to make itself look bigger , indivisual showing the higher attack motivation usually wins.
59
in gel electrophoresis the largest fragment will be
at the top and the smallest at the bottom!
60
phase contrast microscopy
can be used to view live cells , no staining required
61
dark field microscopey
views live cells or flagella that are too thin to be seen with phase contract microscopy
62
e- scanning microscopy
may be employed to view microbial surfaces, cells are not alive
63
rigo mortis
what we see after a few hours of death ; due to lack of ATp the actin and myosin filaments remain in tact until the muscles begin decomposing.
64
tetanus
sustained, forceful muscle contraction, which lacks evena partial relaxation
65
tonus
condition of skeletal muscle in which a sustaied slight contraction is sustained
66
summation
response seen when stimuli are given to muscle at short intervals so taht the muscel does not have time to relax between stimuli
67
metaplasia
change from one cell type to another sch as infammation or irritation
68
hyperplasia
refer to an incese in cell numbers
69
hypertrophy
refers to an increase in the cell size of a tissue or organ
70
atrophy
refers to a decrease in cell size
71
aplasia
refers to almost complete failure of development
72
what converts glu to fru
since htey are isomers need an isomerase,thus, phosphoclucose isomerase
73
syngamy
when a sperm and egg inute to produce a zygote during fertilization or syngamy
74
how are dizygotic twins produced
2 eggs 2 sperm (fraternal twins)
75
how are monozygotic twins produced
from the same zygote
76
name of the process where acetyl CoA serve as the starting compound for the biosynthesis of carbohydrates
glycoxylate
77
the male gametophye of an angiosperm is an
pollen grain
78
molecule participates in endocytosis by forming a polyhedral latice around coated pits
clathrin
79
found in erythrocytes that enable the to resits strong shearing forces
spectrin
80
what measures the BP
sphygmomanometer
81
manometer
measures gas pressures

DAT BIO (12 decks)

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