deck 2- 25-50

Question 1

True statements regarding pregnancies

Answer 1

1st trimester is the main period in which organs are formed; approx 8 weeks embryo is called a fetus; 5 weeks eyes, heart, liver, pancreas and limb buds have begun development; 1st trimester the embryo is most sensitive to drugs and radiation

Question 2

what would break a disulfide bond

Answer 2

reducing conditions

Question 3

helicase

Answer 3

enzyme capable of unwinding a DNA duplex; motor proteins that help unwind DNA

Question 4

Ligase

Answer 4

ligase is an enzyme that can catalyze the joining of two large molecules by forming a new chemical bond, usually with accompanying hydrolysis of a small chemical group . involved in repairing discontinuities in DNA

Question 5

phosphorylase

Answer 5

enzyme that catalyze the addition of a phosphate group from an inorganic phosphate to an acceptor

Question 6

dehydrogenase

Answer 6

A dehydrogenase is an enzyme belonging to the group of Oxidoreductases that oxidizes a substrate by a reduction reaction that transfers one or more hydrides to an electron acceptor, usually NAD⁺/NADP⁺ or a flavin coenzyme such as FAD or FMN. Redox reactions

Question 7

3 facts about bacteria

Answer 7

bacterial cell walls are different from the cell walls of plants and fungi; pill are cellular appendages that are involved in the transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells is called conjugation; certain gram positive bacteria can form endospores which allow the bacteria to be resistant to hot, cold, chem, radiation and other environmental extremes

Question 8

what’s in lymph nodes

Answer 8

B cells, T-cells, macrophages,

Question 9

macrophages

Answer 9

contain fibril-like pseudopodia that can attach to a bacterium, larges phagocytic cells and will phagocytize bacteria; fixed macrophages are very numerous in organs such as the spleen and lymph nodes

Question 10

neutrophils

Answer 10

average life span of a few days and tend to self destroy as foreign invaders are destroyed; make up about 60% of WBC

Question 11

analogous structures

Answer 11

share no common ancestor but perform similar function

Question 12

vestigial structure

Answer 12

structure in an organism that has lost all or most of its original function/

Question 13

homologous structures

Answer 13

and organ or bone that appears in different animals underlining anatomical commonalities demonstrating common decent

Question 14

behavior: fixed action pattern

Answer 14

reflexes, these aren’t learned ;spiders spinning webs, animals flock together and fish swim together

Question 15

function of lymphatic system

Answer 15

returns fluid and protein to the blood ; closely involved in removing excess fluid pathogens, dead blood cells and cellular debris from the cells and the tissue spaces between them

Question 16

lymph

Answer 16

colorless, watery fluid that travels through the lymph system and carries lymphocytes

Question 17

sleen

Answer 17

organ that makes lymphocytes, filters the blood, stores blood cells and destroys blood cells

Question 18

cascade

Answer 18

a series of amplifying steps

Question 19

epinephrine

Answer 19

bing to a receptor and cause cascade which ultimately break down glycogen

Question 20

apoptosis

Answer 20

programmed cell death ; can help sculpt hands and feet as well as eyes during embryonic development; cell dies and separation occurs.

Question 21

hyperplasia

Answer 21

increased cell production in a normal tissue or organ (thickening of the uterus)

Question 22

atrophy

Answer 22

waste away, typically due to the degeneration of cell sir become vestigial during evolution

Question 23

aplasia

Answer 23

failure to develop; defective development

Question 24

catabolism

Answer 24

breakdown of nutrients to provide energy

Question 25

anabolism

Answer 25

synthesis of biomolecules from simpler compounds

Question 26

what enzyme activates adenyl cyclase in ATP-->cyclic AMP

Answer 26

epinephrine

Question 27

Vaccine characteristics

Answer 27

many vaccines are made from killed or weakened pathogens; vaccines may be made from toxic but inactivated by-products of dangerous organisms such as bacteria; vaccines represent strategies used to reduce risk of illness; vaccines are given for disease such as hep and made from viral fragments

Question 28

an attenuated vaccine

Answer 28

contains a version of the living microbe that has been weakened and modified in the lab.; the ability to induce protective immunity remains as virulence is lost

Question 29

endotherms

Answer 29

use metabolic energy to maintain a constant body temp: birds; mammals, some fish and even insects

Question 30

ectotherms

Answer 30

warms its body mainly by heat absorption from the surroundings : invertebrates, amphibians, reptiles

Question 31

thermophile

Answer 31

extremophile that thrives in extremely high temperatures

Question 32

where are sarcoma

Answer 32

in connective tissue

Question 33

carcinoma

Answer 33

occurs usually in epithelial tissue

Question 34

which radioactive technique would you use to study nucleic acids

Answer 34

32-P; valuable to study reaction pathways

Question 35

examples of gymnosperms

Answer 35

seed-producing plants that includes conifers, pine trees spruces, fir trees

Question 36

dominant stage of life cycle of mosses

Answer 36

the gametophyte

Question 37

examples of angiosperms

Answer 37

oaks, maples and grasses