General Chemistry help

Question 1

formula for molecule weight

Answer 1

molecular weight= molecular mass= (grams acid)/(moles acid)

Question 2

first order reaction, half life formula

Answer 2

kt(.5)= .693

Question 3

density formula

Answer 3

D= m/v

Question 4

what does % (w/w) mean?

Answer 4

g of substance/ g of solution

Question 5

diamagnetic

Answer 5

all electrons are paired, not deflected by a magnetic field

Question 6

paramagnetic

Answer 6

there re unpaired electrons; deflected by a magnetic field

Question 7

avogadro’s number

Answer 7

6e23

Question 8

M

Answer 8

molarity= moles of solute/liters of solution

Question 9

henderson hasselbach eqn

Answer 9

pH=pKa +log (salt/acid)

Question 10

when does H has a -1 charge?

Answer 10

when in hydride NaH, KH, LiH

Question 11

ΔH?

Answer 11

ΔH=mcΔT

Question 12

ideal gas law

Answer 12

PV=nRT

Question 13

voltaic cell

Answer 13

+ Eº

Question 14

gas-density calculations

Answer 14

P(MW)= DRT

Question 15

Boyle’s Law

Answer 15

increase P, decrease V; constant T

Question 16

Gay Lussac’s Law

Answer 16

increase P, increase T; constant V

Question 17

Charle’s Law

Answer 17

increase V, increase T; constant P

Question 18

q=?

Answer 18

mΔHvap

Question 19

at equilibrium include? exclude?

Answer 19

for equilibrium systems, omit all solids and pure liquids from K expression

Question 20

m

Answer 20

molality= #moles solute/ kG solvent temperature independent

Question 21

O order reaction slope

Answer 21

-k ; [A] vs. t

Question 22

1st order reaction slope

Answer 22

-k; ln[A] vs. t (nuclear decay will also exhibit this, but a perbolic shape graph with negative slope)

Question 23

2nd order reaction slope

Answer 23

+k; [1/[A]] vs. t

Question 24

increase P

Answer 24

drives rxn toward lower V

Question 25

decrease T

Answer 25

shifts rxn to left, exothermic rxns favored

Question 26

increase T

Answer 26

shifts rxn to right; favors endo rxn

Question 27

current eqn

Answer 27

I= q/t

Question 28

how many coloumbs in q?

Answer 28

36,000 C=q

Question 29

spontaneous rxn

Answer 29

goes to completion by 50%; +Eº, -ΔG, K>1

Question 30

Nernst Equation

Answer 30

E=Eº-(.0591/n)logQ ; Eº=standard electrode potential; E= EMF at a new concentration; n= # of e- given in the half-rxn; Q= run quotient

Question 31

estimate pH of Ka: 2e-5, 4e-5, 7e-5

Answer 31

4.7, 4.4, 4.2

Question 32

ΔG

Answer 32

``` ΔG= ΔH-TΔS; ΔG= -nFEº ```

Question 33

work eqn

Answer 33

w= -PΔV (atm)

Question 34

alpha decay

Answer 34

4 (mass) | 2 (atomic)

Question 35

beta decay

Answer 35

0(mass) | -1(atomic)

Question 36

osmotic pressure eqn

Answer 36

osmotic pressure=MRTi; (moles solute/Lsoln)(.0821)(K)(van't hoff factor)

Question 37

precipitate examples

Answer 37

AgBr, PbCl2, BaSO4, CaCO3

Question 38

Raoult's Law

Answer 38

VPof water over soln= VP of pure H2O(Xsolvent)

Question 39

SI unit for pressure

Answer 39

pascal

Question 40

osmolarity

Answer 40

solute conetration/Liter

Question 41

catalyst

Answer 41

lower the energy of activation for both the fwrd and reverse rxn, lower the potential energy of the transition state, change the reaction mechanism

Question 42

spectrum of visible light; wavelength and frequency

Answer 42

ROYGBIV; decrease wavelength towards R; decrease frequency and energy towards V

Question 43

energy eqn

Answer 43

E=hf; E=hc/wavelength

Question 44

bronsted-lowry acids

Answer 44

donate a proton

Question 45

bronsted-lowry bases

Answer 45

accepts a proton

Question 46

lewis acid

Answer 46

accept electron

Question 47

lewis base

Answer 47

donate electron

Question 48

gives color

Answer 48

transition metals, Cu

Question 49

strong bases

Answer 49

NaOH, KOH, LiOH, RbOH, CsOH, Ca(OH)2, Ba(OH)2

Question 50

ΔT

Answer 50

ΔT=(Kb)mi; (Kb)(moles of solute/kg of solvent)(van hoff factor)

Question 51

heat lost by metal= heat gained by h2o

Answer 51

mcΔT= mcΔT

Question 52

base

Answer 52

accepts protons

Question 53

acids

Answer 53

donate protons

Question 54

ΔH of formation

Answer 54

sum of bonds broken- sum of bonds formed

Question 55

n=1, n=2, n=3 electron capacity

Answer 55

2e-, 8e-, 18e-