Measuring Development Flashcards
What is the GDP and HDI of a country?
GDP per capita- gross domestic product per person is the total amount of goods and services produced by a country divided by the population.
HDI- human development index measured on an average of four indicators: life expectancy, education literacy, education average and GDP per capita.
How do countries with low development differ from countries with high levels of development in terms of fertility rates, death rates, population structures, maternal and infant mortality rates.
- Death rates are higher in LDC because of poor health care.
- Populations in LDC are mainly younger people because the life expectancy is low. HDC have a large amount of elderly people.
- Maternal (number of deaths by woman during child birth) and infant mortality rates are higher in LDC as the hospitals cannot afford good health care.
What are the causes and consequences of global inequality. Social, historical, environmental, economic and political.
-Education and health in LDC will be poor because the country cannot afford good facilities.
-Colonisation- important historical features of a country may be destroyed because the country is in need of resources.
Environmental- the country may be producing high levels of pollution as they do not have laws against pollution rates.
Economic and political. Governments may be corrupt as the people in the country are not educated to vote for a non corrupt government.
How can Rostows modernisation theory and Franks dependency theory explain how a country develops.
Rostows modernisation theory- traditional society, pre take off, take off, drive to mortality and high mass consumption. For a country to grow, investments must be made towards the right things.
Franks dependency theory- for a country to develop it must depend ok the “core” (rich countries). They must sell secondary goods to develop.
Describe Top down and bottom up development schemes.
Top down- these schemes are lead by the government or other powerful organisations and can often cause problems for the poorer people of a country e.g. Sadar dam- caused flooding.
Bottom up is lead by less powerful organisations and can be more sustainable than top down because they do not cause problems but benefit the poorer communities e.g. Bio gas.
