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SP2017 Micro Exam#2 > Lecture 9-Intro to immunology > Flashcards

Lecture 9-Intro to immunology Flashcards

1
Q

there are 2 components of the immune response to infection:
…. which is not antigen specific which happens in early phase of infection
…which is antigen specific which will happen in later phase of infection

A

innate immunity

adaptive immunity

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2
Q

The… immune response is ancient and involves barrier defenses

A

innate

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3
Q

all leukocytes are derived from…. in…

A

hematopoietic stem cells

bone marrow

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4
Q

Immune cells can go down two developmental pathways … or…

A

myeloid progenitor

lymphoid progenitor

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5
Q

Granulocytes- Basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils, and monocytes (differentiate into macrophage in tissue) and dendritic cells come from which lineage?

A

myeloid progenitor

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6
Q

Natural killer cells are…. immune cells and come from …. progenitor lineage

A

innate

lymphoid

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7
Q

T cells and B cells are… immune cells and come from the…. progenitor lineage

A

adaptive

lymphoid

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8
Q

… and… are first responders

A

Natural killer

neutrophils

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9
Q

…. cells comprise 5-15% of leukocytes. Primary job is to kill virally infected and tumor cells. They can produce cytokines for macrophages early in infection. They are lymphocytes but are NOT antigen-specific

A

Natural killer cells

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10
Q

… cells are phagocytic cells that contain arsenal of lysozyme and antibiotic proteins. They are large and have a characteristic multi lobed nucleus and make up 50-75% of leukocytes. Often first to respond to trouble and rapidly respond to chemotactic agents

A

Neutrophils

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11
Q

phagocytosis is more effective when

A

adaptive immune system is activated

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12
Q

Killing of microbuses done by… enzymes in …

A

lysosomal

phagolysosomes

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13
Q

Killing of phagocytose microbes by… and…

A

ROS

NO

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14
Q

…. are a minor cell type, comprise 1-5% of total leukocytes in blood. Not very phagocytic. They play a prominent role in response to… infections also … reactions and…

A
  • eosinophils
  • parasitic
  • allergic
  • asthma
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15
Q

Eosinophils induce their function by degranulating and releasing-

A
  • eosinophil cationic protein
  • major basic protein
  • eosinophil peroxidase
  • RO and reactive nitrogen intermediates
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16
Q

… comprise 0.2% of leukocytes, similar to mast cells which are found in tissues. Principal trigger is IgE mediated surface receptor cross-linking. Release multiple inflammatory mediators. Histamine is primary mediator. Protective during inflammation but pathological role in allergy

A

Basophils

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17
Q

monocytes turn into … in the tissue

A

macrophage

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18
Q

… are phagocytic cells and have a characteristic large nucleus, produce chemotactic agents for other leukocytes, contain arsenal of lysozyme and antibiotic proteins.

A

monocytes

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19
Q

… are extremely important for antigen presentation and clearance of dead cells and debris

A

monocytes

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20
Q

… cells are phagocytic cells and are responsible for presenting peptide antigens to lymphocytes, thus they are generally referred to as “professional” antigen presenting cells or

A

dendritic

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21
Q

monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells have an additional important function:

A

production of chemokine and cytokines

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22
Q

… are proteins produced by many different cell types that mediate inflammatory and immune reactions. They are principal mediators of communication between cells of the immune response

A

cytokines

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23
Q

… are a large family of structurally homologous, low MW cytokines that stimulate leukocytes movement and regulate the migration of leukocytes from the blood to the tissues

A

chemokines

24
Q

The.. cell is the principal cell type that links the innate and adaptive immune response (macrophages can do this too). This is because they are… producers and … cells (but are more specialized toward antigen presentation)

A

dendritic
cytokine
phagocytic

25
Q

periphery- …immunity

lymph node-… immunity

A

innate

adaptive

26
Q

lymphoid progenitors give rise to… that mature in the bone marrow and … that mature in the thymus

A

B lymphocytes

T lymphocytes

27
Q

lymphocytes are extremely important for … immunity and immunologic … and immune… and… (basis for vaccines)

A

adaptive
specificity
regulation
memory

28
Q

adaptive immunity is comprised of both a … arm and… arm. they work cooperatively

A

humoral

cell-mediated

29
Q

Both humoral and cell mediated arms are needed in adaptive immunity because they use different… to attack pathogens and the… arm is effective against extracellular microbes and the… arm is primarily effective against intracellular pathogens

A

mechanisms
humoral
cell mediated

30
Q

How do we tell immune cells apart?

A

Cluster of Differentiation (CD) markers

31
Q

An… is any substance that can be specifically bound by a cell of the adaptive immune system

A

antigen

32
Q

In the humoral arm of adaptive immunity, the b lymphocytes produce… into blood

A

antibodies

33
Q

… immunity in adaptive mmunity is regulated by t cells which are activated through direct cell to cell contact

A

cell mediated

34
Q

What are the 3 types of antigens?

A

immunogen
tolerogen
allergen

35
Q

An… is a type of antigen that ellicits an immune response

A

immunogen

36
Q

A… is a type of antigen that induces immunological tolerance or immune non responsiveness

A

tolerogen

37
Q

An … is a type of antigen that causes an immediate hypersensitivity reaction

A

allergen

38
Q

CD3+ are…. cells

A

T

39
Q

CD3+CD4+ are

A

helper T cells

40
Q

CD3+CD8+ are

A

cytotoxic T cells

41
Q

The … of antigen is important for immune response to it.

An endogenous antigen is presented by APCs to …. cells.

An exogenous antigen are presented by APCs to…. cells

A

origin
CD8+
CD4+

42
Q

Lymphocyte Activation:

  1. microbe infects host
  2. microbe taken up by …at site of infection
  3. … enters lymph circulation and into LM
  4. Naive T and B cells enter LN from circulation
A

APC

43
Q

How do immune cells get into lymphoid organs?

If no antigen is presented, ….

If antigen is presented,…

A

T cells leave and re enter circulation

Immune cell is activated prior to exiting and going to site of peripheral infection

44
Q

In LN, endothelial cells have… so it slows the flow of cells

A

high endothelial venules

45
Q

Adhesion of … helps naive T cells to stay in LN. But cannot stay bound once it leaves

A

L-selectin and L-selectin ligand

46
Q

Activated T cells express… that will bind to its corresponding ligand that will be on endothelial cell at site of infection

A

E and P selectin

47
Q

Activated T cells will also express… that will bind to…

A

integrins LFA-1 and VLA-4

ICAM-1 or VCAM-1

48
Q

Toll-like receptors are …. across species. They are also know as… they recognize PAMPs

TLR are located… and…

A

highly conserved
pattern recognition receptors

extracellular/surface
intracellular endosomal

49
Q

TLR signaling cascade
1.
2.
3.

A

adaptor proteins
protein kinases
transcription factor

50
Q

TLR cascade leads to expression of

A

chemokines
cytokines
endothelial adhesion molecules
antiviral cytokines

51
Q

CD4+ T cells recognize…

A

antigen+ MHCII

52
Q

CD8+ T cells recognize …

A

antigen+ MHCI

53
Q

important receptors for innate immunity

A

TLRs

N-formyl-methionyl, mannose and scavenger receptors

54
Q

2 types of Ag specific receptors for adaptive immune system

A

B cell receptor (Ig)

T cell receptor (TCR)

55
Q

B cell receptor of adaptive system is for…. bacteria

A

extracellular!

soluble intact macromolecules

56
Q

T cell receptor of adaptive immunity only recognizes processed Ag fragments presented by MHC on surface of APC, these are for….. bacteria/viruses

A

Intracellular!

SP2017 Micro Exam#2 (12 decks)

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