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Histology > Muscle Tissue W4 (intro and skeletal) > Flashcards

Muscle Tissue W4 (intro and skeletal) Flashcards

1
Q

What are there tree types of muscle

A

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

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2
Q

how do muscles move (broad three steps)

A

energy from hydrolysis of ATP
transfered into mechanical energy
resulting in movement

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3
Q

Three other names for muscle cells

A

Muscle fibres
Myofibres
Myocytes

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3
Q

Two ways we can classify muscles

A

Microscopic appearance

Innervation

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4
Q

Muscle classification: microscopic appearance

2types

A

Stripes

No stripes

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5
Q

What type of muscle has visible stripes under the microscope

A

Striated (cardiac and skeletal)

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6
Q

What type of muscle doesn’t have stripes under microscope

A

Smooth muscle

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7
Q

Muscle classification: innervation

2types

A

Voluntary

Involuntary

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8
Q

What muscles are voluntary

A

Skeletal

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9
Q

What muscles are involuntary (2)

A

Cardiac and smooth

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10
Q

Main interactions between muscle tissue and connective tissue (2)

A

Connective tissue delivers blood vessels nerves and lymphatics

Muscle cells generate force –> connective tissue transmits it

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11
Q

Primary functions of skeletal muscle (6)

A
  • skeletal movement
  • Maintains posture and body position
  • supports soft tissue
  • maintains body temperature
  • guards body entrances and exits
  • provides nutrient reserves
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12
Q

what type of muscle is skeletal muscle (2)

A

striated voluntary

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13
Q

what does the epimysium line

A

the whole muscle

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14
Q

what is the epimysium made of

A

dense irregular CT`

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15
Q

what does the perimysium line

A

facicles

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16
Q

that is the perimysium made of

A

dense irregular CT

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17
Q

what is a facicle

A

a group of muscle cells

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18
Q

what does the endomysium line

A

individual muscle cells

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19
Q

what is a tendon

A

the connective tissue that continues (without the muscle) to join to a bone

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20
Q

level of organisation of cconnective tissue found in muscle (from from small to large

A

endomysium
perimysium
epimysium

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21
Q

how long can muscle cells get

A

upto 30cm

22
Q

what is endomysium made out of

A

loose connective tissue

23
Q

steps of formation of muscle fibre(3)

A

myoblasts
myotubes
muscle fibre

24
Q

what are myoblasts

A

immature muscle cells

25
Q

what happens to myoblasts in muscle formation, what do they form

A

they fuse together to form myotubes

26
Q

what happens to nuclei of myoblasts in a myotube

A

they move to the outer edges of the cell

27
Q

what happens to reminant myoblasts during myotube formation

A

they form stem cells called myosatellite cells

28
Q

what are myosatellite cells

A

stem cells formed from reminant myoblasts

29
Q

what happens to the myotube overtime (2)

what is the result

A

proteins form in cytoplasm
proteins align
giving striated appearance

30
Q

what is the cytoplasm of a muscle cell called

A

sarcoplasm

31
Q

what do myofibril make up

A

myofibres

32
Q

what are sarcomeres

A

protein organised in little contractile units

33
Q

what do sarcomeres contain

A

myofillaments (similar to actin and myosin)

34
Q

levels of organisation of a muscle (small to large)

A 
myofillaments (proteins)
that make up sarcomeres
myofibril
myofibres
facicle 
muscle
35
Q

a myofibre is a single cell with lots of nuclei, whats the word to describe this

A

mutinucleated

36
Q

the nuclei in a muscle cell are ….. located

A

peripherally

37
Q

what does the i band represent

what colour is it

A

pale region, with only thin filaments (no overlap of thick filaments

38
Q

what does the M line represent

A

where the thick filaments are joined together

39
Q

a sarcomere runs from …..to …..

A

z disc

z disc

40
Q

what does the z disk bisect

A

i band

41
Q

what does the A band represent

A

region where thick filaments exist

42
Q

what is the H zone

A

the part of the a band in which there is no overlap between thick and thin filaments

43
Q

what does calcium bind to during muscle contraction

A

troponin

44
Q

name of smooth endoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

45
Q

aside from myofibril, what other organeles does the skeletal muscle cell contain

A

mitochondria to produce ATP

sacroplasmic reticulum

46
Q

what does the sarcoplasmic reticulum store and release

A

ca+2

47
Q

what do the sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes contain

A

calcium ion pumps

48
Q

what is the muscles cell membrane called

A

sarcolema

49
Q

what are t-tubules

A

invaginations of cell membrane that connect the inside of the cell and th eoutside

50
Q

what is the full nae for t-tubules

A

transverse tubules

51
Q

what is the purpose of t-tubules

A

to carry impulces to the scroplasmic reticulum which then release ca+2 into the cytoplasm (sacroplasm)

52
Q

what is a traid

A

central t-tublue surrounded either side by cicternae of sacroplasmic reticulum

Histology (11 decks)

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