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histology > epithelium (second part-glands and specializations) online module W2 > Flashcards

epithelium (second part-glands and specializations) online module W2 Flashcards

1
Q

what allows epithelial cells to display polarity

A

basal lamina

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2
Q

three broad classes of LATERAL cell junctions

A

tight
adhering
communicating

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3
Q

tight junctions name

A

zonula occludens

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4
Q

where are zonula occludens found

A

lateral surface, on most apical region

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5
Q

two functions of zonula occludens

A

prevents substances moving between cells

keeps apical membrane proteins in apical region

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6
Q

names for adhering junctions (2)

A

zonula adherens

belt desmosome

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7
Q

where are zonula adherens usually located

A

directly beneath zonula occludens

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8
Q

are zonula adherens leaky? or not?

A

yes they are leaky, allowing molecules to pass through

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9
Q

zonula adherens are strong and prevent ….

A

the separationof cells

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10
Q

zonula adherens have small…. ….. into which ….. anchor

A

adhesion plaques

actin

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11
Q

what are zonula adheres made out of

A

transmembrane proteins

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12
Q

another name for macula adherens

A

desmosomes

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13
Q

where are desmosomes found

A

random places, they are spotted all over

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14
Q

macula adherens have ……. …… anchoring into their plaques

A

intermediate fillaments

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15
Q

greater friction = ……… desmosomes

eg (2)

A

more

eg skin and oral cavity

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16
Q

where are hemidesmosomes found

A

basal region

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17
Q

on the cell side of a hemidesmoome you will find: ………….that has ………….. anchoring into it

A

an electron dense plaque that has intermediate filaments anchoring into it

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18
Q

hemidesmosomes have anchoring ……. that are sent into the ….. …… to strongly bind the cell to its …. …. scaffolding

A

fibrils
basal lamina
basal lamina

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19
Q

what another name for communicating junctions

A

nexus junctions

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20
Q

what is the role of communicating junctions

A

allows direct communication between cytoplasms of adjacent cells

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21
Q

communicating junctions- small channels called …. allow the movement of …., ……, …… and ….. between cells

A

connexons

ions
water
nutrients
waste

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22
Q

connexons are composed of …

A

proteins called connexins

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23
Q

what determines the shape of epithelium

A

basement membrane

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24
Q

microvilli have a core of… (1) that insertsinto an underlying ….. ……

A

actin

terminal web

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25
Q

where is steriocilia found (1) broad

(2) eg

A

very specialised regions

eg ear and male reproductive tract

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26
Q

stereocilia are basically very long …

A

microvilli

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27
Q

stereo cilia have a core of …

A

actin

28
Q

cilia has a core of microtubules arranged in what way

A

9 peripheral pairs, one central pair (axenome)

microtubuleshave dynein attatched

29
Q

how are glands formed

A

all glands are down growths of epithelia

30
Q

exocrine gland- define

A

gland that is still connected to the epithelium from which it was derived–> forming a duct

31
Q

endocrine gland define

A

gland that has seperated from the epithelium from which it was derived

32
Q

where do endocrine glands release their secretions

A

into blood vessels of surrounding connective tissue

33
Q

where do exocrine glandsrelease their secretions

A

into the duct and onto epithelial surface

34
Q

what do endocrine glands release

A

hormones

35
Q

4 broad categories of classification for exocrine glands

A

mode of secretion
composition of secretion
morphology(structure)
unicellular vs multicellular

36
Q

most endocrine cells are multicellular or unicellular

A

multicellular

37
Q

example of unicellular exocrine gland (1)

A

goblet cell

38
Q

where are goblet cells found (2)

A

respiratory and digestive systems

39
Q

what do goblet cells excrete

A

mucus

40
Q

what is the purpose of the mucus secreted by goblet cells

A

protects lining from enzymes, acids, and/or invading organisms

41
Q

classification of glands based on morphology - broad categories

A

number of ducts

shape of secretory portion

42
Q

classification of glands- morphology- number of ducts
1 duct =
>1 duct =

A

simple

compound

43
Q

classification of glands upon morphology- shape of secretory portion (3) types

A

tubular
acinar/alveolar
tubuloacinar/tubuloalveolar

44
Q

what type of gland (based upon morphology) would you find in the colon

A

simple tubular

45
Q

what type of gland (based upon morphology) would you find in the stomach

A

simple branched tubular

46
Q

sweat glands are classified based on morphology as…

A

simple coiled tubular

47
Q

mammary glands are classified based on morphology as…

A

compound acinar

48
Q

salivary glands are classified based on morphology as …

A

compound tubuloacinar

49
Q

sebascous glands are classified by morphology as

A

simple branche acinar

50
Q

brunner’s glands o duodenum are classified upon morphology as

A

compound tubular

51
Q

3 modes of excretion

A

merocrine
holocrine
apocrine

52
Q

merocrine mode of secretion explain

A
  • secretion via exocytosis

- no alteration or damage to cell

53
Q

merocrine gland examples (3)

A

sweat glands, salivary glands,pancreas

54
Q

holocrine mode of secretion explain

A

accumulation of secretory product within cell until it ruptures and dies

55
Q

appocrine mode of secretion explain

A

apical part of cell pinches off and this becomes the secretion

56
Q

appocrine glands examples (1)

A

mammary glands

57
Q

holocrine glands examples (1)

A

sebaceous gland

58
Q

classification of exocrine glands based upon composition of secretion, 3 types

A

serous secretion
mucous secretion
lipid-based secretion

59
Q

examples of glands that produce sebascous secretion(2)

A

partoid salivary glands, pancreas

60
Q

examples of glands that produce mucous secretion mucous secretion(2)

A

sublingual salivary gland

goblet cells

61
Q

examples of glands that produce lipid-based secretions

A

sebaceous gland, mammary gland

62
Q

what is the contents of the submadicular salivary gland

A

80% serous

20%mucous

63
Q

what is the contents of the sublingual salivary gland

A

80% mucous

20%serous

64
Q

example of mixe gland that produces both lipid and serous

A

mammary gland

65
Q

examples of organs that have a mix of exocrine and endocrine secretions

A

pancreas

liver

histology (11 decks)

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