Osteoporosis Flashcards
1
Q
What is the definition of osteoporosis?
A
Reduction in bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue. T score of <2.5
2
Q
How common is osteoporosis?
A
Common
3
Q
What is the pathophysiology of osteoporosis?
A
- 2 types of bone: cortical and trabecular
- Osteoblasts = bone formation → secrete osteoid
- Osteoclasts = bone reabsorption
- Bone formation takes longer than bone reabsorption therefore remodelling leads to bone loss
- Many things modulate bone formation e.g. hormones, prostaglandins
4
Q
What are the risk factors/aetiology of osteoporosis?
A
- Female – especially after menopause
- Age
- Hypogonadism
- Immobilisation
- Chronic liver disease
- Chronic renal disease
- COPD
- GI disease
- Ca/Vit D deficiency
- Drugs – steroids, hepatin
- Cushings/hyperthyroidism
- Smoking
- Alcohol
- Rheumatoid arthritis
5
Q
What are the signs/symptoms of osteoporosis?
A
- Fragility factures – wrist, spine, NOF
- Kyphosis
- Widow’s stoop
6
Q
What investigations are required to diagnose osteoporosis?
A
- DEXA scan
- X-rays
- Ca/P levels
7
Q
What are the pharmacological treatments for osteoporosis?
A
- Analgesia
- Benzodiazepines
- Vitamin D/Calcium supplements
- Bisphosphonates
- HRT
8
Q
What are the non pharmacological treatments for osteoporosis?
A
- Bed rest
- Regular weight bearing exercises
- Smoking cessation
- ↓ alcohol intake
