Lobar pneumonia Flashcards
1
Q
What is the definition of lobar pneumonia?
A
Inflammation of a lobe of the lung, usually caused by bacteria
2
Q
How common is lobar pneumonia?
A
0.5%-1% of people develop community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in the UK every year.
3
Q
What is the pathology of lobar pneumonia?
A
- Anatomical classification of pneumonia – the other is bronchopneumonia
- Streptococcus pneumonia, Mycoplasma pneumonia, Influenza A and Haemophilus influenza common
- 4 stages in lobar pneumonia (if untreated):
- 1) Consolidation and exudate
- 2) Appears red/brown/firm/dry, alveolar walls thick
- 3) Grey hepatization, capillary congestion, alveolar walls thick
- 4) exudate drains with gradual aeration of the affected segments
4
Q
What are the risk factors/aetiology of lobar pneumonia?
A
- Aspiration of vomit
- Radiotherapy
- Pre-existing lung disease e.g. COPD
- Contact with birds
- Contact with other animals
- IV drug users
- CF
- Immunosuppressed
- Use of cytotoxic drugs
5
Q
What are the signs/symptoms of lobar pneumonia?
A
- Pyrexia
- Cough
- Sputum production
- Pleurisy
- Pleural rub
- Dyspnoea
- Late inspiratory crackles
- Dullness of percussion
6
Q
What diseases present similarly to lobar pneumonia?
A
- Bronchial carcinoma
- PE
- Pulmonary oedema
- Pulmonary haemorrhage
- Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
7
Q
What investigations are conduced for suspected lobar pneumonia?
A
- CXR – done at time of diagnosis and 6 weeks later to rule out bronchial carcinoma
- Bloods
- ↓ albumin
- Abnormal WCC
- Blood culture
- ABG
- Sputum
- CURB-65 – assesses severity of community acquired pneumonia
- Confusion
- Urea >7mmol/L
- Resp rate >30/min
- BP <60/90
- Age > 65
8
Q
What are the pharmacological treatments for lobar pneumonia?
A
- Analgesia – for pleuritic pain
- Humidified oxygen
- Fluids
- Abx
- Hospital acquired = co-amoxiclav/cephalosporin
- Community acquired = amoxicillin
9
Q
What are the non pharmacological treatments for lobar pneumonia?
A
• Physiotherapy – encourages patient to cough
