Exercise 5 - boar taint

Question 1

Origin of boar taint

Answer 1

andosterone - urine lik
skatole - piggy
finns även andra men ej lika viktiga

Question 2

Hur produceras ANDROSTENONE

Answer 2

producerad i testiklarna
metabolicerad i levern
transported to the salivary gland
släpps ut med saliv
accululeras i fett

Question 3

hur produceras SKATOLE

Answer 3

producerad i intestine
absorberas och tas till blodet
metaboliseras i levern
accumuleras i fett

Question 4

Phase 1 in metabolic reactions - boar taint.

Beskriv

Answer 4

Intruduction of new polar funktion groups or unmask existing polar groups
görs för att förebereda för fas 2

Question 5

fas 2 i metaboliska reaktioner - boar taint

Beskriv

Answer 5

Conjugation o fa hydrophilic mojety (can act on parent compound or on Phase I metabolite)
-Purpose: Excretion

Question 6

Hur reguleras boar taint?

Answer 6

nergång i: synthesis of androstenone and skatole

Uppgång i: Degradation and clearance of androstenone and skatole

Question 7

Factors affecting boar taint - External aspects

Answer 7

• season
• raising conditions
• feeding system

Question 8

Factors affecting boar taint - internal aspects

Answer 8

• Physiological (sex; age; weight)

* Molecular (genetics, enzymes

Question 9

surgical castration - fördelar och nackdelar

Answer 9

Advantages
•Reduce boar taint
•Reduce aggression
•Prevents unplanned breeding

Disadvantages
•Slower growth rate
•Reduced feed efficiency
•Fatter carcasses
Labour cost of castration
•Reduced welfare

Question 10

Alternatives to surgical castration

Answer 10

• “Humane” castration
• Use of entire male pigs
• Sperm sexing

Question 11

Humane castration - vilka finns?

Answer 11

• Surgical castration with anasthesia and/or analgesia

- Active immunization against GnRH (Immunocastration)

Question 12

Possibility to use entire male pigs

- vad görs för att förhindra boar taint?

Answer 12

• Slaughter at lower weight (before puberty)
• Dietary manipulations (reduction of skatole synthesis)
• Selection against boar taint (mainly against androstenone)
• Detection of boar taint on slaughter line and sorting out tainted carcasses

Question 13

why raising pigs intact –other reasons

Answer 13

• Overall production costs are lower for entire pigs
• Labour costs for castration are eliminated
• Up to 14% better feed conversion efficiency
• Up to 13 % faster growth
• Eat 9% less feed
• Output of nitrogen in manure is less

Question 14

why not raisning pigs intact?

Answer 14

• Boar taint
• More susceptible to the development of PSE (pale, soft, exudative) and DFD (dark, firm and dry)
• Fat from entire male pigs are softe