Cells - Cell Structure: Prokaryotic Cells Flashcards
What organelles do prokaryotic cells have?
cytoplasm flagellum cell-surface membrane cell wall circular DNA plasmids capsule ribosomes
How do prokaryotes replicate?
Binary fission
Describe the process of binary fission.
1) circular DNA and plasmids replicate
2) cell gets bigger and DNA loops move to opposite poles of cell
3) cytoplasm starts to divide and a new cell wall begins to form
4) cytoplasm divides and two daughter cells are produced
What are prokaryotic cells?
Cells with no nucleus or nuclear membrane.
What form is DNA in in prokaryotic cells?
DNA floats free in the cytoplasm as one long, coiled up strand, not attached to any histone proteins.
What is a prokaryotes cell wall made of?
Muerin - a glycoprotein
What is the function of the cell wall in prokaryotes?
Supports the cell and prevents it from changing shape.
What does the cytoplasm contain in prokaryotes?
Enzymes and other soluble materials.
What is a capsule?
A mucilaginous layer of secreted slime for protection.
What is a flagellum?
A long hair-like structure used for locomotion by rotating.
What are plasmids?
Small loops of DNA that can reproduce independently.
What kind of genes may plasmids contain?
Genes for antibiotic resistance.
What are plasmids used for in genetic engineering?
Vectors
Why are bacteria successful?
Small
Short cell cycle
High mutation rate
What do bacteria store food reserves as?
Glycogen granules and oil droplets.
