[OLD] Respiration - Glycolysis Flashcards
What is glycolysis?
The splitting of a 6-carbon glucose molecule into two 3-carbon pyruvate molecules.
Why does glycolysis provide indirect evidence for evolution?
It is a universal feature of every living organism.
Why does glycolysis not require any organelle or membrane for it to take place?
The enzymes for the glycolytic math way are found in the cytoplasm of cells.
Where does glycolysis take place?
The cytoplasm of all cells.
What activates glucose at the start of glycolysis?
2 phosphate molecules which are provided by 2 molecules of ATP.
What goes in to glycolysis?
1 Glucose
2 ATP
2 NAD
What does glucose use the 2 ATP molecules for?
The energy is used to reduce the activation energy for the enzyme controlled reactions that follow.
The inorganic phosphate makes the glucose more reactive and is used to form glucose 1,6 phosphate.
What is a phosphorylation reaction?
The addition of phosphate.
What are the products of glycolysis?
2 pyruvate
4 ATP
2 NADH
What is the net gain of ATP from glycolysis?
2 ATP
What happens to the glucose phosphate?
It is hydrolysed into 2 triose phosphate molecules.
How is triose phosphate converted to pyruvate?
Each triose phosphate is oxidised by the removal of hydrogen.
The hydrogens is transferred to NAD, resulting in 2 reduced NADH.
The reduction of each NAD generates enough energy to synthesis 2 ATP molecules by substrate level phosphorylation.
A 3-carbon pyruvate molecule is produced from each triose phosphate.
How much oxygen is used in glycolysis?
No oxygen
