Physiology: Carbohydrate Metabolism Flashcards
Physiology: carbohydrate metabolism
What are the final products of carbohydrate digestion?
- Glucose
- Fructose (will get converted to glucose)
- Galactose (will get converted to glucose)
Physiology: carbohydrate metabolism
glucose will be transported into the cellular cytoplasm via…
facilitated diffusion
(insulin)
Physiology: carbohydrate metabolism
After glucose enters the cell, it can be used for immediate energy or it can be stored as _____
glycogen
- Glycogenesis: conversion
- Glycogenolysis: break down of glycogen to glucose
Physiology: carbohydrate metabolism
glycogenolysis
break down of glycogen to glucose
Hormones epinephrine and glucagon signal the need for glycogen breakdown
Physiology: carbohydrate metabolism
Where does glycolysis take place?
in the cytoplasm
Physiology: carbohydrate metabolism
the release of energy (ATP) from glucose is initiated by
glycolysis
produces 4 ATP, but consumes 2
NET ATP = 2 moles
Physiology: carbohydrate metabolism
citric acid cycle AKA
Kreb’s cycle or tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle
Physiology: carbohydrate metabolism
during the Kreb’s cycle (citric acid cycle), what is added and what is released?
water is added, carbon dioxide and hydrogen atoms are released
Physiology: carbohydrate metabolism
Net results of the Kreb’s cycle
4 CO2 + 16H + 2 CoA + 2 ATP
Physiology: carbohydrate metabolism
where does the Kreb’s cycle take place?
in mitochondria
Physiology: carbohydrate metabolism
1 molecule of glucose yields _____ hydrogen atoms
24
glycolysis → 4H
formation of CoA → 4H
Kreb’s → 16H
Physiology: carbohydrate metabolism
summary of ATP formation
- Glycolysis → net gain 2 ATP (forms 4)
- Kreb’s (citric acid) cycle → 2 ATP
- 24H atoms released:
- 20/24 are oxidized → produce 30 ATP (electron transport chain)
- Remaining 4H atoms are released → 4 ATP
- Total net ATP 38 molecules
