Physiology: thyroid and adrenal hormones

Question 1

Physiology: thyroid and adrenal hormones

hormones of the thyroid gland

Answer 1

Triiodothyronine (T3) and  Thyroxine (T4)

Question 2

Physiology: thyroid and adrenal hormones

the thyroid gland is controlled by

Answer 2

TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) from anterior pituitary gland

Question 3

Physiology: thyroid and adrenal hormones

functions of the thyroid hormones (Triiodothyronine and Thyroxine)

Answer 3

increase cellular metabolic activity

Question 4

Physiology: thyroid and adrenal hormones

hyperthyroidism

Answer 4

intolerance to heat, sweating, weight loss, muscle weakness, fatigue (but inability to sleep), tremor, nervousness

Question 5

Physiology: thyroid and adrenal hormones

hypothyroidism

Answer 5

fatigue, somnolence, slowed HR, muscular and mental sluggishness, increased weight

Question 6

Physiology: thyroid and adrenal hormones

adrenal glands are located above kidneys and are composed of the…

Answer 6

adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex

Question 7

Physiology: thyroid and adrenal hormones

aldosterone is secreted by

Answer 7

zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex

Question 8

Physiology: thyroid and adrenal hormones

functions of aldosterone

Answer 8

increases sodium reabsorption → water follows → increases blood pressure

Question 9

Physiology: thyroid and adrenal hormones

cortisol is secreted by

Answer 9

zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex

Question 10

Physiology: thyroid and adrenal hormones

the function of cortisol is

Answer 10

Stimulate gluconeogenesis

(is a metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from non-carbohydrate carbon substrates)

Question 11

Physiology: thyroid and adrenal hormones

Cortisol is important in resisting stress and inflammation:

Answer 11

• Stress causes immediate increase in ACTH which in turn releases cortisol
• Blocks early stages of the inflammatory process
• Causes rapid resolution of the inflammation

Question 12

Physiology: thyroid and adrenal hormones

adrenal androgens (sex hormones) are secreted by

Answer 12

zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex