Pulmonary: obstructive and restrictive lung diseases Flashcards
Pulmonary: obstructive & restrictive diseases
Manifestations of Respiratory Disease
- Impaired Oxygenation
- Impaired CO2 Removal
Pulmonary: obstructive & restrictive diseases
Low oxygen in the tissues
Hypoxia
Pulmonary: obstructive & restrictive diseases
Low PaO2 in the blood
Hypoxemia
Pulmonary: obstructive & restrictive diseases
Increased PaCO2
(>45mmHg)
Hypercapnia
alkalosis ← 35 mmHg - 45 mmHg → acidosis
Pulmonary: obstructive & restrictive diseases
Disease of respiratory tract which produces an obstruction to airflow. Result in air trapping in the lungs. Patients usually present with hyperinflation, barrel chest, and increased accessory respiratory muscle use
Obstructive lung disease
Pulmonary: obstructive & restrictive diseases
An abnormal reduction in pulmonary ventilation often due to diminished lung expansion. Decreased volume of gas moving in and out
Restrictive lung disease
Pulmonary: obstructive & restrictive diseases
Chronic productive cough, barrel chest; may be overweight; cyanotic (blue bloater); edema due to heart failure; FEV1 <65% predicted; decreased VC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio and increased TLC and RV
Bronchitis
Pulmonary: obstructive & restrictive diseases
Abnormal, irreversible enlargement of airways distal to terminal bronchioles. Barrel chest, floppy lungs, flat diaphragm (pink puffer); SOB/DOE, minimal sputum; hypertrophied accessory mm; PLB at rest
Emphysema
Pulmonary: obstructive & restrictive diseases
Chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by reversible obstruction to airflow
Asthma
- Extrinsic – begins in childhood, triggered by allergens (allergic)
- Intrinsic – begins as adult (usu after age 35), more severe (nonallergic)
Pulmonary: obstructive & restrictive diseases
Mucopurulent sputum; abnormal permanent dilation of bronchi and bronchioles; destruction of elastic & muscular bronchiole walls;
Bronchiectasis
Pulmonary: obstructive & restrictive diseases
A terminal disease, however, the median age of death has increased to 35 years of age due to early detection and comprehensive management
Cystic Fibrosis
Pulmonary: obstructive & restrictive diseases
Autosomal recessive genetic disorder (both parents are carriers of the defective gene) located on the long arm of chromosome seven. Causes the exocrine glands to overproduce thick mucus which causes subsequent obstruction
Cystic Fibrosis
A terminal disease
Pulmonary: obstructive & restrictive diseases
volumes and capacities in restrictive lung disease
All volumes and capacities may be decreased
Pulmonary: obstructive & restrictive diseases
Inflammatory process of alveolar wall, scarring leads to stiffness (decreased compliance)
Pulmonary Fibrosis
Pulmonary: obstructive & restrictive diseases
Inflammatory process of the lung that often begins with a lower respiratory tract
infection
Pneumonia
