Adult Neuro: task oriented approach

Question 1

Task Oriented Approach

a training program to be considered tactile task-oriented, it must be:

Answer 1

challenging, progressive and optimally adapted, and active participation

1. Challenging enough to require new learning and to engage attention to solve the motor problem;
2. Progressive and optimally adapted such that over practice, the task demand is optimally adapted to the patient’s capability and the environmental context; not too simple or repetitive to not challenge, and not too difficult to cause a failure of motor learning or a low sense of competence,
3. Interesting enough to invoke active participation to engage a “particular type of repetition” referred to as “problem-solving.”

Question 2

Task Oriented Approach

What is the task-oriented approach based on?

Answer 2

• Theories of motor control (systems, reflex-hierarchical)
• Understanding kinetics and kinematics
• Neuroplasticity
• Theories of motor learning (Fitts and Posner)
• Role of the environment
• There is a shift from facilitation and inhibition towards the relearning of motor control necessary for specific functional tasks

Question 3

Task Oriented Approach

describe the steps of the Motor Relearning Program:

Answer 3

1. analysis of tasks (observation, comparison, identify missing components) → 2. practice of missing components (using verbal, manual, and visual FB) → 3. practice entire task (avoid learned errors and learned non-use) → 4. transfer of training

Question 4

Task Oriented Approach

In a task-oriented approach, examination of mobility function analyzes performance at three levels:

Answer 4

1. the functional-task level (10 m walk test, etc)
2. the essential strategies used to accomplish the requirements of mobility (observational)
3. Impairment level

Question 5

Task Oriented Approach

What are the initial parameters in Body Weight Support Training?

Answer 5

• Intensity: 40% of body weight, no incline, low speed (0.5 mph)
• Duration: a total of 30-60 min per session (may be 5 min bouts); 6-12 weeks.
• Frequency: 5 days/wk

(progress to ↑ speed, incline duration, ↓ amount of BWS)

Question 6

Task Oriented Approach

what are the 3 main elements of the CIMT protocol?

Answer 6

1. Repetitive tasks-oriented training (mass practice, shaping)
2. Adherence
3. Constraining

Question 7

Task Oriented Approach

what are the two rationale mechanism underlying Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy?

Answer 7

1. Overcome learned non-use
2. Use-depended brain/cortical plasticity